## 第 2 章 Starting GIMP

## 1. 运行 GIMP

Usually you start GIMP either by clicking GIMP's icon on your desktop (if available), selecting it from a menu, or by typing gimp on a command line. If you have multiple versions of GIMP installed, you may need to add the exact version number: gimp-3.0.

You can, if you want, provide a list of image file names on the command line after the program name so that GIMP automatically opens those files after it starts. It is also possible to open files from within GIMP once it is running using the Open Image Dialog.

Most operating systems support file associations, which associates a class of files (as determined by their filename extension, such as .jpg) with a corresponding application (such as GIMP). When image files are properly “associated” with GIMP, you can double click an image in your file browser to open it in GIMP.

If you installed the Flatpak version of GIMP from flathub.org, you start GIMP either by clicking an icon, or by typing flatpak run org.gimp.GIMP//stable on a command line.

### 1.1. Changing the Language

GIMP automatically detects and uses the system language. In the unlikely event that language detection fails, or if you want to use a different language, the easiest way is to change the language used in the Interface Preferences: Edit → Preferences, then go to the Interface section; Language can be set at the top.

If you prefer to change language by setting environment variables, you can use:

Linux下

  In LINUX: in console mode, type `LANGUAGE=en gimp` or `LANG=en gimp` replacing en with fr, de, etc. according to the language you want. Background: Using `LANGUAGE=en` sets an environment variable for the executed program `gimp`.

Windows下

  Control Panel → System → Advanced → Environment button in “System Variables” area: Add button: Enter LANG for Name and fr, de, etc. for Value. Watch out! You have to click OK three successive times to validate your choice.

  If you change languages often, you can create a batch file to change the language. Open NotePad. Type the following commands (for French for instance):

  `set lang=fr
  start gimp-3.0.exe`

  Save this file as `GIMP-FR.BAT` (or another name, but always with a `.BAT` extension). Create a shortcut and drag it to your desktop.

苹果 macOS 下

  From System Settings, click General in the sidebar. Then select Language & Region. The desired language should be the first in the list.

Another GIMP Instance

  You can use command line parameter `-n` to run multiple instances of GIMP. For example, `gimp-3.0` starts GIMP in the default system language, and `LANGUAGE=en gimp-3.0 -n` starts another instance of GIMP in English. This can be very useful for translators.

### 1.2. 命令行参数

Although command line arguments are not required when starting GIMP, they can be useful in certain situations. On a Unix system, you can use `man gimp` for a complete list.

These arguments must be added to the command line that you use to start GIMP as gimp-3.0 [OPTION...] [FILE|URI...], where “OPTION...” can be one or more of the arguments listed below, followed by one or more file names.

-?, -h, --help

  Display a list of all command line options.

--help-all

  显示所有帮助选项。

--help-gegl

  Show all GEGL options.

--help-gtk

  显示 GTK+ 选项。

-v, --version

  打印当前 GIMP 版本并退出。

--license

  显示许可证信息并退出。

--verbose

  显示详细启动信息。

-n, --new-instance

  启动一个新的 GIMP 实例。

-a, --as-new

  作为新图像打开图像。

-i, --no-interface

  无界面运行。

-d, --no-data

  不加载图案、渐变、调色板、或笔刷。通常在需要最小化启动时间的非交互式情况下很有用。

-f, --no-fonts

  不加载任何字体。这对于为不使用字体的脚本更快地加载GIMP，或查找与挂起GIMP的畸形字体相关的问题非常有用 。

-s, --no-splash

  启动时不显示启动画面。

--no-shm

  Do not use shared memory between GIMP and plug-ins.

--no-cpu-accel

  不使用特殊的 CPU 加速功能。用于查找或禁用有问题的加速硬件或功能。

--session=`name`

  Use a different `sessionrc` file for this GIMP session. The given session name is appended to the default `sessionrc` filename.

-g, --gimprc=`filename`

  Use an alternative `gimprc` file instead of the default one. The `gimprc` file contains a record of your preferences. Useful in cases where plug-in paths or machine specs may be different.

--system-gimprc=`filename`

  Use an alternate system `gimprc` file.

-b, --batch=`commands`

  Execute the set of commands non-interactively. The set of commands is typically in the form of a script that can be executed by one of the GIMP scripting interpreters. When the command is `-`, commands are read from standard input.

--batch-interpreter=`proc`

  指定用于处理批处理命令的程序。默认程序是 Script-Fu。

--quit

  Quit immediately after performing requested actions

-c, --console-messages

  不要弹出有关错误或警告的对话框。改为在控制台上打印消息。

--pdb-compat-mode=`mode`

  PDB 兼容模式（关闭|开启|警告）。

--stack-trace-mode=`mode`

  在崩溃的情况下进行调试（从不|查询|总是）。

--debug-handlers

  启用非致命调试信号处理程序。对GIMP调试很有用。

--g-fatal-warnings

  使所有警告都是致命的。对调试有用。

--dump-gimprc

  使用默认设置输出一个 gimprc 文件。如果弄乱了 gimprc 文件，则很有用。

--show-playground

  Show a preferences page with experimental features.

--display=`display`

  使用指定的 X 显示（不适用于所有平台）。

### 1.3. Configuration Folder

When first run, GIMP creates a configuration folder. All of the configuration information is stored in this folder. If you remove or rename the folder, GIMP repeats the initial configuration process and creates a new configuration folder.

The exact location of your configuration folder depends on your Operating System:

Under Linux:

  `$XDG_CONFIG_HOME`

  Usually: `$HOME/.config/GIMP/3.0/`

Under Microsoft Windows using environment variables:

  `%APPDATA%\GIMP\3.0\`

  Usually: `%USERPROFILE%\AppData\Roaming\GIMP\3.0\`

Under Apple macOS:

  `NSApplicationSupportDirectory`

  Usually: `~/Library/Application Support/GIMP/3.0/`

### 1.4. Tips and Tricks

Just a couple of suggestions before you start:

- GIMP can provide tips you can read at any time using the menu command Help → Tip of the Day. The tips provide information that is considered useful, but not easy to learn by experimenting; so they are worth reading. Please consider reading the tips when you have the time.

- If at some point you are trying to do something, and GIMP seems to have suddenly stopped functioning, the Getting Unstuck section may be able to help you out.

- Don't forget to check out the Preferences Dialog. GIMP is very customizable. There are a lot of settings that you can adjust to your personal preferences.

2. GIMP 有什么新功能 |  | 第 3 章 开始使用GIMP的第一步

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