Linux allocated devices (4.x+ version) — The Linux Kernel 5.18.5-gnu-1 documentation

# Linux allocated devices (4.x+ version)

This list is the Linux Device List, the official registry of allocated device numbers and `/dev` directory nodes for the Linux operating system.

The LaTeX version of this document is no longer maintained, nor is the document that used to reside at lanana.org. This version in the mainline Linux kernel is the master document. Updates shall be sent as patches to the kernel maintainers (see the Documentation/process/submitting-patches.rst document). Specifically explore the sections titled “CHAR and MISC DRIVERS”, and “BLOCK LAYER” in the MAINTAINERS file to find the right maintainers to involve for character and block devices.

This document is included by reference into the Filesystem Hierarchy Standard (FHS). The FHS is available from https://www.pathname.com/fhs/.

Allocations marked (68k/Amiga) apply to Linux/68k on the Amiga platform only. Allocations marked (68k/Atari) apply to Linux/68k on the Atari platform only.

This document is in the public domain. The authors requests, however, that semantically altered versions are not distributed without permission of the authors, assuming the authors can be contacted without an unreasonable effort.

Attention

DEVICE DRIVERS AUTHORS PLEASE READ THIS

Linux now has extensive support for dynamic allocation of device numbering and can use `sysfs` and `udev` (`systemd`) to handle the naming needs. There are still some exceptions in the serial and boot device area. Before asking for a device number make sure you actually need one.

To have a major number allocated, or a minor number in situations where that applies (e.g. busmice), please submit a patch and send to the authors as indicated above.

Keep the description of the device in the same format as this list. The reason for this is that it is the only way we have found to ensure we have all the requisite information to publish your device and avoid conflicts.

Finally, sometimes we have to play “namespace police.” Please don’t be offended. We often get submissions for `/dev` names that would be bound to cause conflicts down the road. We are trying to avoid getting in a situation where we would have to suffer an incompatible forward change. Therefore, please consult with us before you make your device names and numbers in any way public, at least to the point where it would be at all difficult to get them changed.

Your cooperation is appreciated.

       0            Unnamed devices (e.g. non-device mounts)
                      0 = reserved as null device number
                    See block major 144, 145, 146 for expansion areas.

       1 char       Memory devices
                      1 = /dev/mem          Physical memory access
                      2 = /dev/kmem         OBSOLETE - replaced by /proc/kcore
                      3 = /dev/null         Null device
                      4 = /dev/port         I/O port access
                      5 = /dev/zero         Null byte source
                      6 = /dev/core         OBSOLETE - replaced by /proc/kcore
                      7 = /dev/full         Returns ENOSPC on write
                      8 = /dev/random       Nondeterministic random number gen.
                      9 = /dev/urandom      Faster, less secure random number gen.
                     10 = /dev/aio          Asynchronous I/O notification interface
                     11 = /dev/kmsg         Writes to this come out as printk's, reads
                                            export the buffered printk records.
                     12 = /dev/oldmem       OBSOLETE - replaced by /proc/vmcore

       1 block      RAM disk
                      0 = /dev/ram0         First RAM disk
                      1 = /dev/ram1         Second RAM disk
                        ...
                    250 = /dev/initrd       Initial RAM disk

                    Older kernels had /dev/ramdisk (1, 1) here.
                    /dev/initrd refers to a RAM disk which was preloaded
                    by the boot loader; newer kernels use /dev/ram0 for
                    the initrd.

       2 char       Pseudo-TTY masters
                      0 = /dev/ptyp0        First PTY master
                      1 = /dev/ptyp1        Second PTY master
                        ...
                    255 = /dev/ptyef        256th PTY master

                    Pseudo-tty's are named as follows:
                    * Masters are "pty", slaves are "tty";
                    * the fourth letter is one of pqrstuvwxyzabcde indicating
                      the 1st through 16th series of 16 pseudo-ttys each, and
                    * the fifth letter is one of 0123456789abcdef indicating
                      the position within the series.

                    These are the old-style (BSD) PTY devices; Unix98
                    devices are on major 128 and above and use the PTY
                    master multiplex (/dev/ptmx) to acquire a PTY on
                    demand.

       2 block      Floppy disks
                      0 = /dev/fd0          Controller 0, drive 0, autodetect
                      1 = /dev/fd1          Controller 0, drive 1, autodetect
                      2 = /dev/fd2          Controller 0, drive 2, autodetect
                      3 = /dev/fd3          Controller 0, drive 3, autodetect
                    128 = /dev/fd4          Controller 1, drive 0, autodetect
                    129 = /dev/fd5          Controller 1, drive 1, autodetect
                    130 = /dev/fd6          Controller 1, drive 2, autodetect
                    131 = /dev/fd7          Controller 1, drive 3, autodetect

                    To specify format, add to the autodetect device number:
                      0 = /dev/fd?          Autodetect format
                      4 = /dev/fd?d360      5.25"  360K in a 360K  drive(1)
                     20 = /dev/fd?h360      5.25"  360K in a 1200K drive(1)
                     48 = /dev/fd?h410      5.25"  410K in a 1200K drive
                     64 = /dev/fd?h420      5.25"  420K in a 1200K drive
                     24 = /dev/fd?h720      5.25"  720K in a 1200K drive
                     80 = /dev/fd?h880      5.25"  880K in a 1200K drive(1)
                      8 = /dev/fd?h1200     5.25" 1200K in a 1200K drive(1)
                     40 = /dev/fd?h1440     5.25" 1440K in a 1200K drive(1)
                     56 = /dev/fd?h1476     5.25" 1476K in a 1200K drive
                     72 = /dev/fd?h1494     5.25" 1494K in a 1200K drive
                     92 = /dev/fd?h1600     5.25" 1600K in a 1200K drive(1)

                     12 = /dev/fd?u360      3.5"   360K Double Density(2)
                     16 = /dev/fd?u720      3.5"   720K Double Density(1)
                    120 = /dev/fd?u800      3.5"   800K Double Density(2)
                     52 = /dev/fd?u820      3.5"   820K Double Density
                     68 = /dev/fd?u830      3.5"   830K Double Density
                     84 = /dev/fd?u1040     3.5"  1040K Double Density(1)
                     88 = /dev/fd?u1120     3.5"  1120K Double Density(1)
                     28 = /dev/fd?u1440     3.5"  1440K High Density(1)
                    124 = /dev/fd?u1600     3.5"  1600K High Density(1)
                     44 = /dev/fd?u1680     3.5"  1680K High Density(3)
                     60 = /dev/fd?u1722     3.5"  1722K High Density
                     76 = /dev/fd?u1743     3.5"  1743K High Density
                     96 = /dev/fd?u1760     3.5"  1760K High Density
                    116 = /dev/fd?u1840     3.5"  1840K High Density(3)
                    100 = /dev/fd?u1920     3.5"  1920K High Density(1)
                     32 = /dev/fd?u2880     3.5"  2880K Extra Density(1)
                    104 = /dev/fd?u3200     3.5"  3200K Extra Density
                    108 = /dev/fd?u3520     3.5"  3520K Extra Density
                    112 = /dev/fd?u3840     3.5"  3840K Extra Density(1)

                     36 = /dev/fd?CompaQ    Compaq 2880K drive; obsolete?

                    (1) Autodetectable format
                    (2) Autodetectable format in a Double Density (720K) drive only
                    (3) Autodetectable format in a High Density (1440K) drive only

                    NOTE: The letter in the device name (d, q, h or u)
                    signifies the type of drive: 5.25" Double Density (d),
                    5.25" Quad Density (q), 5.25" High Density (h) or 3.5"
                    (any model, u).  The use of the capital letters D, H
                    and E for the 3.5" models have been deprecated, since
                    the drive type is insignificant for these devices.

       3 char       Pseudo-TTY slaves
                      0 = /dev/ttyp0        First PTY slave
                      1 = /dev/ttyp1        Second PTY slave
                        ...
                    255 = /dev/ttyef        256th PTY slave

                    These are the old-style (BSD) PTY devices; Unix98
                    devices are on major 136 and above.

       3 block      First MFM, RLL and IDE hard disk/CD-ROM interface
                      0 = /dev/hda          Master: whole disk (or CD-ROM)
                     64 = /dev/hdb          Slave: whole disk (or CD-ROM)

                    For partitions, add to the whole disk device number:
                      0 = /dev/hd?          Whole disk
                      1 = /dev/hd?1         First partition
                      2 = /dev/hd?2         Second partition
                        ...
                     63 = /dev/hd?63        63rd partition

                    For Linux/i386, partitions 1-4 are the primary
                    partitions, and 5 and above are logical partitions.
                    Other versions of Linux use partitioning schemes
                    appropriate to their respective architectures.

       4 char       TTY devices
                      0 = /dev/tty0         Current virtual console

                      1 = /dev/tty1         First virtual console
                        ...
                     63 = /dev/tty63        63rd virtual console
                     64 = /dev/ttyS0        First UART serial port
                        ...
                    255 = /dev/ttyS191      192nd UART serial port

                    UART serial ports refer to 8250/16450/16550 series devices.

                    Older versions of the Linux kernel used this major
                    number for BSD PTY devices.  As of Linux 2.1.115, this
                    is no longer supported.  Use major numbers 2 and 3.

       4 block      Aliases for dynamically allocated major devices to be used
                    when its not possible to create the real device nodes
                    because the root filesystem is mounted read-only.

                       0 = /dev/root

       5 char       Alternate TTY devices
                      0 = /dev/tty          Current TTY device
                      1 = /dev/console      System console
                      2 = /dev/ptmx         PTY master multiplex
                      3 = /dev/ttyprintk    User messages via printk TTY device
                     64 = /dev/cua0         Callout device for ttyS0
                        ...
                    255 = /dev/cua191       Callout device for ttyS191

                    (5,1) is /dev/console starting with Linux 2.1.71.  See
                    the section on terminal devices for more information
                    on /dev/console.

       6 char       Parallel printer devices
                      0 = /dev/lp0          Parallel printer on parport0
                      1 = /dev/lp1          Parallel printer on parport1
                        ...

                    Current Linux kernels no longer have a fixed mapping
                    between parallel ports and I/O addresses.  Instead,
                    they are redirected through the parport multiplex layer.

       7 char       Virtual console capture devices
                      0 = /dev/vcs          Current vc text (glyph) contents
                      1 = /dev/vcs1         tty1 text (glyph) contents
                        ...
                     63 = /dev/vcs63        tty63 text (glyph) contents
                     64 = /dev/vcsu         Current vc text (unicode) contents
                    65 = /dev/vcsu1         tty1 text (unicode) contents
                        ...
                    127 = /dev/vcsu63       tty63 text (unicode) contents
                    128 = /dev/vcsa         Current vc text/attribute (glyph) contents
                    129 = /dev/vcsa1        tty1 text/attribute (glyph) contents
                        ...
                    191 = /dev/vcsa63       tty63 text/attribute (glyph) contents

                    NOTE: These devices permit both read and write access.

       7 block      Loopback devices
                      0 = /dev/loop0        First loop device
                      1 = /dev/loop1        Second loop device
                        ...

                    The loop devices are used to mount filesystems not
                    associated with block devices.  The binding to the
                    loop devices is handled by mount(8) or losetup(8).

       8 block      SCSI disk devices (0-15)
                      0 = /dev/sda          First SCSI disk whole disk
                     16 = /dev/sdb          Second SCSI disk whole disk
                     32 = /dev/sdc          Third SCSI disk whole disk
                        ...
                    240 = /dev/sdp          Sixteenth SCSI disk whole disk

                    Partitions are handled in the same way as for IDE
                    disks (see major number 3) except that the limit on
                    partitions is 15.

       9 char       SCSI tape devices
                      0 = /dev/st0          First SCSI tape, mode 0
                      1 = /dev/st1          Second SCSI tape, mode 0
                        ...
                     32 = /dev/st0l         First SCSI tape, mode 1
                     33 = /dev/st1l         Second SCSI tape, mode 1
                        ...
                     64 = /dev/st0m         First SCSI tape, mode 2
                     65 = /dev/st1m         Second SCSI tape, mode 2
                        ...
                     96 = /dev/st0a         First SCSI tape, mode 3
                     97 = /dev/st1a         Second SCSI tape, mode 3
                          ...
                    128 = /dev/nst0         First SCSI tape, mode 0, no rewind
                    129 = /dev/nst1         Second SCSI tape, mode 0, no rewind
                        ...
                    160 = /dev/nst0l        First SCSI tape, mode 1, no rewind
                    161 = /dev/nst1l        Second SCSI tape, mode 1, no rewind
                        ...
                    192 = /dev/nst0m        First SCSI tape, mode 2, no rewind
                    193 = /dev/nst1m        Second SCSI tape, mode 2, no rewind
                        ...
                    224 = /dev/nst0a        First SCSI tape, mode 3, no rewind
                    225 = /dev/nst1a        Second SCSI tape, mode 3, no rewind
                        ...

                    "No rewind" refers to the omission of the default
                    automatic rewind on device close.  The MTREW or MTOFFL
                    ioctl()'s can be used to rewind the tape regardless of
                    the device used to access it.

       9 block      Metadisk (RAID) devices
                      0 = /dev/md0          First metadisk group
                      1 = /dev/md1          Second metadisk group
                        ...

                    The metadisk driver is used to span a
                    filesystem across multiple physical disks.

      10 char       Non-serial mice, misc features
                      0 = /dev/logibm       Logitech bus mouse
                      1 = /dev/psaux        PS/2-style mouse port
                      2 = /dev/inportbm     Microsoft Inport bus mouse
                      3 = /dev/atibm        ATI XL bus mouse
                      4 = /dev/jbm          J-mouse
                      4 = /dev/amigamouse   Amiga mouse (68k/Amiga)
                      5 = /dev/atarimouse   Atari mouse
                      6 = /dev/sunmouse     Sun mouse
                      7 = /dev/amigamouse1  Second Amiga mouse
                      8 = /dev/smouse       Simple serial mouse driver
                      9 = /dev/pc110pad     IBM PC-110 digitizer pad
                     10 = /dev/adbmouse     Apple Desktop Bus mouse
                     11 = /dev/vrtpanel     Vr41xx embedded touch panel
                     13 = /dev/vpcmouse     Connectix Virtual PC Mouse
                     14 = /dev/touchscreen/ucb1x00  UCB 1x00 touchscreen
                     15 = /dev/touchscreen/mk712    MK712 touchscreen
                    128 = /dev/beep         Fancy beep device
                    129 =
                    130 = /dev/watchdog     Watchdog timer port
                    131 = /dev/temperature  Machine internal temperature
                    132 = /dev/hwtrap       Hardware fault trap
                    133 = /dev/exttrp       External device trap
                    134 = /dev/apm_bios     Advanced Power Management BIOS
                    135 = /dev/rtc          Real Time Clock
                    137 = /dev/vhci         Bluetooth virtual HCI driver
                    139 = /dev/openprom     SPARC OpenBoot PROM
                    140 = /dev/relay8       Berkshire Products Octal relay card
                    141 = /dev/relay16      Berkshire Products ISO-16 relay card
                    142 =
                    143 = /dev/pciconf      PCI configuration space
                    144 = /dev/nvram        Non-volatile configuration RAM
                    145 = /dev/hfmodem      Soundcard shortwave modem control
                    146 = /dev/graphics     Linux/SGI graphics device
                    147 = /dev/opengl       Linux/SGI OpenGL pipe
                    148 = /dev/gfx          Linux/SGI graphics effects device
                    149 = /dev/input/mouse  Linux/SGI Irix emulation mouse
                    150 = /dev/input/keyboard Linux/SGI Irix emulation keyboard
                    151 = /dev/led          Front panel LEDs
                    152 = /dev/kpoll        Kernel Poll Driver
                    153 = /dev/mergemem     Memory merge device
                    154 = /dev/pmu          Macintosh PowerBook power manager
                    155 =
                    156 = /dev/lcd          Front panel LCD display
                    157 = /dev/ac           Applicom Intl Profibus card
                    158 = /dev/nwbutton     Netwinder external button
                    159 = /dev/nwdebug      Netwinder debug interface
                    160 = /dev/nwflash      Netwinder flash memory
                    161 = /dev/userdma      User-space DMA access
                    162 = /dev/smbus        System Management Bus
                    163 = /dev/lik          Logitech Internet Keyboard
                    164 = /dev/ipmo         Intel Intelligent Platform Management
                    165 = /dev/vmmon        VMware virtual machine monitor
                    166 = /dev/i2o/ctl      I2O configuration manager
                    167 = /dev/specialix_sxctl Specialix serial control
                    168 = /dev/tcldrv       Technology Concepts serial control
                    169 = /dev/specialix_rioctl Specialix RIO serial control
                    170 = /dev/thinkpad/thinkpad    IBM Thinkpad devices
                    171 = /dev/srripc       QNX4 API IPC manager
                    172 = /dev/usemaclone   Semaphore clone device
                    173 = /dev/ipmikcs      Intelligent Platform Management
                    174 = /dev/uctrl        SPARCbook 3 microcontroller
                    175 = /dev/agpgart      AGP Graphics Address Remapping Table
                    176 = /dev/gtrsc        Gorgy Timing radio clock
                    177 = /dev/cbm          Serial CBM bus
                    178 = /dev/jsflash      JavaStation OS flash SIMM
                    179 = /dev/xsvc         High-speed shared-mem/semaphore service
                    180 = /dev/vrbuttons    Vr41xx button input device
                    181 = /dev/toshiba      Toshiba laptop SMM support
                    182 = /dev/perfctr      Performance-monitoring counters
                    183 = /dev/hwrng        Generic random number generator
                    184 = /dev/cpu/microcode CPU microcode update interface
                    186 = /dev/atomicps     Atomic snapshot of process state data
                    187 = /dev/irnet        IrNET device
                    188 = /dev/smbusbios    SMBus BIOS
                    189 = /dev/ussp_ctl     User space serial port control
                    190 = /dev/crash        Mission Critical Linux crash dump facility
                    191 = /dev/pcl181       <information missing>
                    192 = /dev/nas_xbus     NAS xbus LCD/buttons access
                    193 = /dev/d7s          SPARC 7-segment display
                    194 = /dev/zkshim       Zero-Knowledge network shim control
                    195 = /dev/elographics/e2201    Elographics touchscreen E271-2201
                    196 = /dev/vfio/vfio    VFIO userspace driver interface
                    197 = /dev/pxa3xx-gcu   PXA3xx graphics controller unit driver
                    198 = /dev/sexec        Signed executable interface
                    199 = /dev/scanners/cuecat :CueCat barcode scanner
                    200 = /dev/net/tun      TAP/TUN network device
                    201 = /dev/button/gulpb Transmeta GULP-B buttons
                    202 = /dev/emd/ctl      Enhanced Metadisk RAID (EMD) control
                    203 = /dev/cuse         Cuse (character device in user-space)
                    204 = /dev/video/em8300         EM8300 DVD decoder control
                    205 = /dev/video/em8300_mv      EM8300 DVD decoder video
                    206 = /dev/video/em8300_ma      EM8300 DVD decoder audio
                    207 = /dev/video/em8300_sp      EM8300 DVD decoder subpicture
                    208 = /dev/compaq/cpqphpc       Compaq PCI Hot Plug Controller
                    209 = /dev/compaq/cpqrid        Compaq Remote Insight Driver
                    210 = /dev/impi/bt      IMPI coprocessor block transfer
                    211 = /dev/impi/smic    IMPI coprocessor stream interface
                    212 = /dev/watchdogs/0  First watchdog device
                    213 = /dev/watchdogs/1  Second watchdog device
                    214 = /dev/watchdogs/2  Third watchdog device
                    215 = /dev/watchdogs/3  Fourth watchdog device
                    216 = /dev/fujitsu/apanel       Fujitsu/Siemens application panel
                    217 = /dev/ni/natmotn           National Instruments Motion
                    218 = /dev/kchuid       Inter-process chuid control
                    219 = /dev/modems/mwave MWave modem firmware upload
                    220 = /dev/mptctl       Message passing technology (MPT) control
                    221 = /dev/mvista/hssdsi        Montavista PICMG hot swap system driver
                    222 = /dev/mvista/hasi          Montavista PICMG high availability
                    223 = /dev/input/uinput         User level driver support for input
                    224 = /dev/tpm          TCPA TPM driver
                    225 = /dev/pps          Pulse Per Second driver
                    226 = /dev/systrace     Systrace device
                    227 = /dev/mcelog       X86_64 Machine Check Exception driver
                    228 = /dev/hpet         HPET driver
                    229 = /dev/fuse         Fuse (virtual filesystem in user-space)
                    230 = /dev/midishare    MidiShare driver
                    231 = /dev/snapshot     System memory snapshot device
                    232 = /dev/kvm          Kernel-based virtual machine (hardware virtualization extensions)
                    233 = /dev/kmview       View-OS A process with a view
                    234 = /dev/btrfs-control        Btrfs control device
                    235 = /dev/autofs       Autofs control device
                    236 = /dev/mapper/control       Device-Mapper control device
                    237 = /dev/loop-control Loopback control device
                    238 = /dev/vhost-net    Host kernel accelerator for virtio net
                    239 = /dev/uhid         User-space I/O driver support for HID subsystem
                    240 = /dev/userio       Serio driver testing device
                    241 = /dev/vhost-vsock  Host kernel driver for virtio vsock
                    242 = /dev/rfkill       Turning off radio transmissions (rfkill)

                    243-254                 Reserved for local use
                    255                     Reserved for MISC_DYNAMIC_MINOR

      11 char       Raw keyboard device     (Linux/SPARC only)
                      0 = /dev/kbd          Raw keyboard device

      11 char       Serial Mux device       (Linux/PA-RISC only)
                      0 = /dev/ttyB0        First mux port
                      1 = /dev/ttyB1        Second mux port
                        ...

      11 block      SCSI CD-ROM devices
                      0 = /dev/scd0         First SCSI CD-ROM
                      1 = /dev/scd1         Second SCSI CD-ROM
                        ...

                    The prefix /dev/sr (instead of /dev/scd) has been deprecated.

      12 char       QIC-02 tape
                      2 = /dev/ntpqic11     QIC-11, no rewind-on-close
                      3 = /dev/tpqic11      QIC-11, rewind-on-close
                      4 = /dev/ntpqic24     QIC-24, no rewind-on-close
                      5 = /dev/tpqic24      QIC-24, rewind-on-close
                      6 = /dev/ntpqic120    QIC-120, no rewind-on-close
                      7 = /dev/tpqic120     QIC-120, rewind-on-close
                      8 = /dev/ntpqic150    QIC-150, no rewind-on-close
                      9 = /dev/tpqic150     QIC-150, rewind-on-close

                    The device names specified are proposed -- if there
                    are "standard" names for these devices, please let me know.

      12 block

      13 char       Input core
                      0 = /dev/input/js0    First joystick
                      1 = /dev/input/js1    Second joystick
                        ...
                     32 = /dev/input/mouse0 First mouse
                     33 = /dev/input/mouse1 Second mouse
                        ...
                     63 = /dev/input/mice   Unified mouse
                     64 = /dev/input/event0 First event queue
                     65 = /dev/input/event1 Second event queue
                        ...

                    Each device type has 5 bits (32 minors).

      13 block      Previously used for the XT disk (/dev/xdN)
                    Deleted in kernel v3.9.

      14 char       Open Sound System (OSS)
                      0 = /dev/mixer        Mixer control
                      1 = /dev/sequencer    Audio sequencer
                      2 = /dev/midi00       First MIDI port
                      3 = /dev/dsp          Digital audio
                      4 = /dev/audio        Sun-compatible digital audio
                      6 =
                      7 = /dev/audioctl     SPARC audio control device
                      8 = /dev/sequencer2   Sequencer -- alternate device
                     16 = /dev/mixer1       Second soundcard mixer control
                     17 = /dev/patmgr0      Sequencer patch manager
                     18 = /dev/midi01       Second MIDI port
                     19 = /dev/dsp1         Second soundcard digital audio
                     20 = /dev/audio1       Second soundcard Sun digital audio
                     33 = /dev/patmgr1      Sequencer patch manager
                     34 = /dev/midi02       Third MIDI port
                     50 = /dev/midi03       Fourth MIDI port

      14 block

      15 char       Joystick
                      0 = /dev/js0          First analog joystick
                      1 = /dev/js1          Second analog joystick
                        ...
                    128 = /dev/djs0         First digital joystick
                    129 = /dev/djs1         Second digital joystick
                        ...
      15 block      Sony CDU-31A/CDU-33A CD-ROM
                      0 = /dev/sonycd       Sony CDU-31a CD-ROM

      16 char       Non-SCSI scanners
                      0 = /dev/gs4500       Genius 4500 handheld scanner

      16 block      GoldStar CD-ROM
                      0 = /dev/gscd         GoldStar CD-ROM

      17 char       OBSOLETE (was Chase serial card)
                      0 = /dev/ttyH0        First Chase port
                      1 = /dev/ttyH1        Second Chase port
                        ...
      17 block      Optics Storage CD-ROM
                      0 = /dev/optcd        Optics Storage CD-ROM

      18 char       OBSOLETE (was Chase serial card - alternate devices)
                      0 = /dev/cuh0         Callout device for ttyH0
                      1 = /dev/cuh1         Callout device for ttyH1
                        ...
      18 block      Sanyo CD-ROM
                      0 = /dev/sjcd         Sanyo CD-ROM

      19 block      "Double" compressed disk
                      0 = /dev/double0      First compressed disk
                        ...
                      7 = /dev/double7      Eighth compressed disk
                    128 = /dev/cdouble0     Mirror of first compressed disk
                        ...
                    135 = /dev/cdouble7     Mirror of eighth compressed disk

                    See the Double documentation for the meaning of the
                    mirror devices.

      20 block      Hitachi CD-ROM (under development)
                      0 = /dev/hitcd        Hitachi CD-ROM

      21 char       Generic SCSI access
                      0 = /dev/sg0          First generic SCSI device
                      1 = /dev/sg1          Second generic SCSI device
                        ...

                    Most distributions name these /dev/sga, /dev/sgb...;
                    this sets an unnecessary limit of 26 SCSI devices in
                    the system and is counter to standard Linux
                    device-naming practice.

      21 block      Acorn MFM hard drive interface
                      0 = /dev/mfma         First MFM drive whole disk
                     64 = /dev/mfmb         Second MFM drive whole disk

                    This device is used on the ARM-based Acorn RiscPC.
                    Partitions are handled the same way as for IDE disks
                    (see major number 3).

      22 char       Digiboard serial card
                      0 = /dev/ttyD0        First Digiboard port
                      1 = /dev/ttyD1        Second Digiboard port
                        ...
      22 block      Second IDE hard disk/CD-ROM interface
                      0 = /dev/hdc          Master: whole disk (or CD-ROM)
                     64 = /dev/hdd          Slave: whole disk (or CD-ROM)

                    Partitions are handled the same way as for the first
                    interface (see major number 3).

      23 char       Digiboard serial card - alternate devices
                      0 = /dev/cud0         Callout device for ttyD0
                      1 = /dev/cud1         Callout device for ttyD1
                          ...
      23 block      Mitsumi proprietary CD-ROM
                      0 = /dev/mcd          Mitsumi CD-ROM

      24 char       Stallion serial card
                      0 = /dev/ttyE0        Stallion port 0 card 0
                      1 = /dev/ttyE1        Stallion port 1 card 0
                        ...
                     64 = /dev/ttyE64       Stallion port 0 card 1
                     65 = /dev/ttyE65       Stallion port 1 card 1
                          ...
                    128 = /dev/ttyE128      Stallion port 0 card 2
                    129 = /dev/ttyE129      Stallion port 1 card 2
                        ...
                    192 = /dev/ttyE192      Stallion port 0 card 3
                    193 = /dev/ttyE193      Stallion port 1 card 3
                        ...
      24 block      Sony CDU-535 CD-ROM
                      0 = /dev/cdu535       Sony CDU-535 CD-ROM

      25 char       Stallion serial card - alternate devices
                      0 = /dev/cue0         Callout device for ttyE0
                      1 = /dev/cue1         Callout device for ttyE1
                        ...
                     64 = /dev/cue64        Callout device for ttyE64
                     65 = /dev/cue65        Callout device for ttyE65
                        ...
                    128 = /dev/cue128       Callout device for ttyE128
                    129 = /dev/cue129       Callout device for ttyE129
                        ...
                    192 = /dev/cue192       Callout device for ttyE192
                    193 = /dev/cue193       Callout device for ttyE193
                          ...
      25 block      First Matsushita (Panasonic/SoundBlaster) CD-ROM
                      0 = /dev/sbpcd0       Panasonic CD-ROM controller 0 unit 0
                      1 = /dev/sbpcd1       Panasonic CD-ROM controller 0 unit 1
                      2 = /dev/sbpcd2       Panasonic CD-ROM controller 0 unit 2
                      3 = /dev/sbpcd3       Panasonic CD-ROM controller 0 unit 3

      26 char

      26 block      Second Matsushita (Panasonic/SoundBlaster) CD-ROM
                      0 = /dev/sbpcd4       Panasonic CD-ROM controller 1 unit 0
                      1 = /dev/sbpcd5       Panasonic CD-ROM controller 1 unit 1
                      2 = /dev/sbpcd6       Panasonic CD-ROM controller 1 unit 2
                      3 = /dev/sbpcd7       Panasonic CD-ROM controller 1 unit 3

      27 char       QIC-117 tape
                      0 = /dev/qft0         Unit 0, rewind-on-close
                      1 = /dev/qft1         Unit 1, rewind-on-close
                      2 = /dev/qft2         Unit 2, rewind-on-close
                      3 = /dev/qft3         Unit 3, rewind-on-close
                      4 = /dev/nqft0        Unit 0, no rewind-on-close
                      5 = /dev/nqft1        Unit 1, no rewind-on-close
                      6 = /dev/nqft2        Unit 2, no rewind-on-close
                      7 = /dev/nqft3        Unit 3, no rewind-on-close
                     16 = /dev/zqft0        Unit 0, rewind-on-close, compression
                     17 = /dev/zqft1        Unit 1, rewind-on-close, compression
                     18 = /dev/zqft2        Unit 2, rewind-on-close, compression
                     19 = /dev/zqft3        Unit 3, rewind-on-close, compression
                     20 = /dev/nzqft0       Unit 0, no rewind-on-close, compression
                     21 = /dev/nzqft1       Unit 1, no rewind-on-close, compression
                     22 = /dev/nzqft2       Unit 2, no rewind-on-close, compression
                     23 = /dev/nzqft3       Unit 3, no rewind-on-close, compression
                     32 = /dev/rawqft0      Unit 0, rewind-on-close, no file marks
                     33 = /dev/rawqft1      Unit 1, rewind-on-close, no file marks
                     34 = /dev/rawqft2      Unit 2, rewind-on-close, no file marks
                     35 = /dev/rawqft3      Unit 3, rewind-on-close, no file marks
                     36 = /dev/nrawqft0     Unit 0, no rewind-on-close, no file marks
                     37 = /dev/nrawqft1     Unit 1, no rewind-on-close, no file marks
                     38 = /dev/nrawqft2     Unit 2, no rewind-on-close, no file marks
                     39 = /dev/nrawqft3     Unit 3, no rewind-on-close, no file marks

      27 block      Third Matsushita (Panasonic/SoundBlaster) CD-ROM
                      0 = /dev/sbpcd8       Panasonic CD-ROM controller 2 unit 0
                      1 = /dev/sbpcd9       Panasonic CD-ROM controller 2 unit 1
                      2 = /dev/sbpcd10      Panasonic CD-ROM controller 2 unit 2
                      3 = /dev/sbpcd11      Panasonic CD-ROM controller 2 unit 3

      28 char       Stallion serial card - card programming
                      0 = /dev/staliomem0   First Stallion card I/O memory
                      1 = /dev/staliomem1   Second Stallion card I/O memory
                      2 = /dev/staliomem2   Third Stallion card I/O memory
                      3 = /dev/staliomem3   Fourth Stallion card I/O memory

      28 char       Atari SLM ACSI laser printer (68k/Atari)
                      0 = /dev/slm0         First SLM laser printer
                      1 = /dev/slm1         Second SLM laser printer
                        ...
      28 block      Fourth Matsushita (Panasonic/SoundBlaster) CD-ROM
                      0 = /dev/sbpcd12      Panasonic CD-ROM controller 3 unit 0
                      1 = /dev/sbpcd13      Panasonic CD-ROM controller 3 unit 1
                      2 = /dev/sbpcd14      Panasonic CD-ROM controller 3 unit 2
                      3 = /dev/sbpcd15      Panasonic CD-ROM controller 3 unit 3

      28 block      ACSI disk (68k/Atari)
                      0 = /dev/ada          First ACSI disk whole disk
                     16 = /dev/adb          Second ACSI disk whole disk
                     32 = /dev/adc          Third ACSI disk whole disk
                        ...
                    240 = /dev/adp          16th ACSI disk whole disk

                    Partitions are handled in the same way as for IDE
                    disks (see major number 3) except that the limit on
                    partitions is 15, like SCSI.

      29 char       Universal frame buffer
                      0 = /dev/fb0          First frame buffer
                      1 = /dev/fb1          Second frame buffer
                        ...
                     31 = /dev/fb31         32nd frame buffer

      29 block      Aztech/Orchid/Okano/Wearnes CD-ROM
                      0 = /dev/aztcd        Aztech CD-ROM

      30 char       iBCS-2 compatibility devices
                      0 = /dev/socksys      Socket access
                      1 = /dev/spx          SVR3 local X interface
                     32 = /dev/inet/ip      Network access
                     33 = /dev/inet/icmp
                     34 = /dev/inet/ggp
                     35 = /dev/inet/ipip
                     36 = /dev/inet/tcp
                     37 = /dev/inet/egp
                     38 = /dev/inet/pup
                     39 = /dev/inet/udp
                     40 = /dev/inet/idp
                     41 = /dev/inet/rawip

                    Additionally, iBCS-2 requires the following links:

                    /dev/ip -> /dev/inet/ip
                    /dev/icmp -> /dev/inet/icmp
                    /dev/ggp -> /dev/inet/ggp
                    /dev/ipip -> /dev/inet/ipip
                    /dev/tcp -> /dev/inet/tcp
                    /dev/egp -> /dev/inet/egp
                    /dev/pup -> /dev/inet/pup
                    /dev/udp -> /dev/inet/udp
                    /dev/idp -> /dev/inet/idp
                    /dev/rawip -> /dev/inet/rawip
                    /dev/inet/arp -> /dev/inet/udp
                    /dev/inet/rip -> /dev/inet/udp
                    /dev/nfsd -> /dev/socksys
                    /dev/X0R -> /dev/null (? apparently not required ?)

      30 block      Philips LMS CM-205 CD-ROM
                      0 = /dev/cm205cd      Philips LMS CM-205 CD-ROM

                    /dev/lmscd is an older name for this device.  This
                    driver does not work with the CM-205MS CD-ROM.

      31 char       MPU-401 MIDI
                      0 = /dev/mpu401data   MPU-401 data port
                      1 = /dev/mpu401stat   MPU-401 status port

      31 block      ROM/flash memory card
                      0 = /dev/rom0         First ROM card (rw)
                          ...
                      7 = /dev/rom7         Eighth ROM card (rw)
                      8 = /dev/rrom0        First ROM card (ro)
                        ...
                     15 = /dev/rrom7        Eighth ROM card (ro)
                     16 = /dev/flash0       First flash memory card (rw)
                        ...
                     23 = /dev/flash7       Eighth flash memory card (rw)
                     24 = /dev/rflash0      First flash memory card (ro)
                        ...
                     31 = /dev/rflash7      Eighth flash memory card (ro)

                    The read-write (rw) devices support back-caching
                    written data in RAM, as well as writing to flash RAM
                    devices.  The read-only devices (ro) support reading
                    only.

      32 char       Specialix serial card
                      0 = /dev/ttyX0        First Specialix port
                      1 = /dev/ttyX1        Second Specialix port
                        ...
      32 block      Philips LMS CM-206 CD-ROM
                      0 = /dev/cm206cd      Philips LMS CM-206 CD-ROM

      33 char       Specialix serial card - alternate devices
                      0 = /dev/cux0         Callout device for ttyX0
                      1 = /dev/cux1         Callout device for ttyX1
                        ...
      33 block      Third IDE hard disk/CD-ROM interface
                      0 = /dev/hde          Master: whole disk (or CD-ROM)
                     64 = /dev/hdf          Slave: whole disk (or CD-ROM)

                    Partitions are handled the same way as for the first
                    interface (see major number 3).

      34 char       Z8530 HDLC driver
                      0 = /dev/scc0         First Z8530, first port
                      1 = /dev/scc1         First Z8530, second port
                      2 = /dev/scc2         Second Z8530, first port
                      3 = /dev/scc3         Second Z8530, second port
                        ...

                    In a previous version these devices were named
                    /dev/sc1 for /dev/scc0, /dev/sc2 for /dev/scc1, and so
                    on.

      34 block      Fourth IDE hard disk/CD-ROM interface
                      0 = /dev/hdg          Master: whole disk (or CD-ROM)
                     64 = /dev/hdh          Slave: whole disk (or CD-ROM)

                    Partitions are handled the same way as for the first
                    interface (see major number 3).

      35 char       tclmidi MIDI driver
                      0 = /dev/midi0        First MIDI port, kernel timed
                      1 = /dev/midi1        Second MIDI port, kernel timed
                      2 = /dev/midi2        Third MIDI port, kernel timed
                      3 = /dev/midi3        Fourth MIDI port, kernel timed
                     64 = /dev/rmidi0       First MIDI port, untimed
                     65 = /dev/rmidi1       Second MIDI port, untimed
                     66 = /dev/rmidi2       Third MIDI port, untimed
                     67 = /dev/rmidi3       Fourth MIDI port, untimed
                    128 = /dev/smpte0       First MIDI port, SMPTE timed
                    129 = /dev/smpte1       Second MIDI port, SMPTE timed
                    130 = /dev/smpte2       Third MIDI port, SMPTE timed
                    131 = /dev/smpte3       Fourth MIDI port, SMPTE timed

      35 block      Slow memory ramdisk
                      0 = /dev/slram        Slow memory ramdisk

      36 char       Netlink support
                      0 = /dev/route        Routing, device updates, kernel to user
                      1 = /dev/skip         enSKIP security cache control
                      3 = /dev/fwmonitor    Firewall packet copies
                     16 = /dev/tap0         First Ethertap device
                        ...
                     31 = /dev/tap15        16th Ethertap device

      36 block      OBSOLETE (was MCA ESDI hard disk)

      37 char       IDE tape
                      0 = /dev/ht0          First IDE tape
                      1 = /dev/ht1          Second IDE tape
                        ...
                    128 = /dev/nht0         First IDE tape, no rewind-on-close
                    129 = /dev/nht1         Second IDE tape, no rewind-on-close
                        ...

                    Currently, only one IDE tape drive is supported.

      37 block      Zorro II ramdisk
                      0 = /dev/z2ram        Zorro II ramdisk

      38 char       Myricom PCI Myrinet board
                      0 = /dev/mlanai0      First Myrinet board
                      1 = /dev/mlanai1      Second Myrinet board
                        ...

                    This device is used for status query, board control
                    and "user level packet I/O."  This board is also
                    accessible as a standard networking "eth" device.

      38 block      OBSOLETE (was Linux/AP+)

      39 char       ML-16P experimental I/O board
                      0 = /dev/ml16pa-a0    First card, first analog channel
                      1 = /dev/ml16pa-a1    First card, second analog channel
                        ...
                     15 = /dev/ml16pa-a15   First card, 16th analog channel
                     16 = /dev/ml16pa-d     First card, digital lines
                     17 = /dev/ml16pa-c0    First card, first counter/timer
                     18 = /dev/ml16pa-c1    First card, second counter/timer
                     19 = /dev/ml16pa-c2    First card, third counter/timer
                     32 = /dev/ml16pb-a0    Second card, first analog channel
                     33 = /dev/ml16pb-a1    Second card, second analog channel
                        ...
                     47 = /dev/ml16pb-a15   Second card, 16th analog channel
                     48 = /dev/ml16pb-d     Second card, digital lines
                     49 = /dev/ml16pb-c0    Second card, first counter/timer
                     50 = /dev/ml16pb-c1    Second card, second counter/timer
                     51 = /dev/ml16pb-c2    Second card, third counter/timer
                          ...
      39 block

      40 char

      40 block

      41 char       Yet Another Micro Monitor
                      0 = /dev/yamm         Yet Another Micro Monitor

      41 block

      42 char       Demo/sample use

      42 block      Demo/sample use

                    This number is intended for use in sample code, as
                    well as a general "example" device number.  It
                    should never be used for a device driver that is being
                    distributed; either obtain an official number or use
                    the local/experimental range.  The sudden addition or
                    removal of a driver with this number should not cause
                    ill effects to the system (bugs excepted.)

                    IN PARTICULAR, ANY DISTRIBUTION WHICH CONTAINS A
                    DEVICE DRIVER USING MAJOR NUMBER 42 IS NONCOMPLIANT.

      43 char       isdn4linux virtual modem
                      0 = /dev/ttyI0        First virtual modem
                        ...
                     63 = /dev/ttyI63       64th virtual modem

      43 block      Network block devices
                      0 = /dev/nb0          First network block device
                      1 = /dev/nb1          Second network block device
                        ...

                    Network Block Device is somehow similar to loopback
                    devices: If you read from it, it sends packet across
                    network asking server for data. If you write to it, it
                    sends packet telling server to write. It could be used
                    to mounting filesystems over the net, swapping over
                    the net, implementing block device in userland etc.

      44 char       isdn4linux virtual modem - alternate devices
                      0 = /dev/cui0         Callout device for ttyI0
                        ...
                     63 = /dev/cui63        Callout device for ttyI63

      44 block      Flash Translation Layer (FTL) filesystems
                      0 = /dev/ftla         FTL on first Memory Technology Device
                     16 = /dev/ftlb         FTL on second Memory Technology Device
                     32 = /dev/ftlc         FTL on third Memory Technology Device
                        ...
                    240 = /dev/ftlp         FTL on 16th Memory Technology Device

                    Partitions are handled in the same way as for IDE
                    disks (see major number 3) except that the partition
                    limit is 15 rather than 63 per disk (same as SCSI.)

      45 char       isdn4linux ISDN BRI driver
                      0 = /dev/isdn0        First virtual B channel raw data
                        ...
                     63 = /dev/isdn63       64th virtual B channel raw data
                     64 = /dev/isdnctrl0    First channel control/debug
                        ...
                    127 = /dev/isdnctrl63   64th channel control/debug

                    128 = /dev/ippp0        First SyncPPP device
                        ...
                    191 = /dev/ippp63       64th SyncPPP device

                    255 = /dev/isdninfo     ISDN monitor interface

      45 block      Parallel port IDE disk devices
                      0 = /dev/pda          First parallel port IDE disk
                     16 = /dev/pdb          Second parallel port IDE disk
                     32 = /dev/pdc          Third parallel port IDE disk
                     48 = /dev/pdd          Fourth parallel port IDE disk

                    Partitions are handled in the same way as for IDE
                    disks (see major number 3) except that the partition
                    limit is 15 rather than 63 per disk.

      46 char       Comtrol Rocketport serial card
                      0 = /dev/ttyR0        First Rocketport port
                      1 = /dev/ttyR1        Second Rocketport port
                        ...
      46 block      Parallel port ATAPI CD-ROM devices
                      0 = /dev/pcd0         First parallel port ATAPI CD-ROM
                      1 = /dev/pcd1         Second parallel port ATAPI CD-ROM
                      2 = /dev/pcd2         Third parallel port ATAPI CD-ROM
                      3 = /dev/pcd3         Fourth parallel port ATAPI CD-ROM

      47 char       Comtrol Rocketport serial card - alternate devices
                      0 = /dev/cur0         Callout device for ttyR0
                      1 = /dev/cur1         Callout device for ttyR1
                        ...
      47 block      Parallel port ATAPI disk devices
                      0 = /dev/pf0          First parallel port ATAPI disk
                      1 = /dev/pf1          Second parallel port ATAPI disk
                      2 = /dev/pf2          Third parallel port ATAPI disk
                      3 = /dev/pf3          Fourth parallel port ATAPI disk

                    This driver is intended for floppy disks and similar
                    devices and hence does not support partitioning.

      48 char       SDL RISCom serial card
                      0 = /dev/ttyL0        First RISCom port
                      1 = /dev/ttyL1        Second RISCom port
                        ...
      48 block      Mylex DAC960 PCI RAID controller; first controller
                      0 = /dev/rd/c0d0      First disk, whole disk
                      8 = /dev/rd/c0d1      Second disk, whole disk
                        ...
                    248 = /dev/rd/c0d31     32nd disk, whole disk

                    For partitions add:
                      0 = /dev/rd/c?d?      Whole disk
                      1 = /dev/rd/c?d?p1    First partition
                        ...
                      7 = /dev/rd/c?d?p7    Seventh partition

      49 char       SDL RISCom serial card - alternate devices
                      0 = /dev/cul0         Callout device for ttyL0
                      1 = /dev/cul1         Callout device for ttyL1
                        ...
      49 block      Mylex DAC960 PCI RAID controller; second controller
                      0 = /dev/rd/c1d0      First disk, whole disk
                      8 = /dev/rd/c1d1      Second disk, whole disk
                        ...
                    248 = /dev/rd/c1d31     32nd disk, whole disk

                    Partitions are handled as for major 48.

      50 char       Reserved for GLINT

      50 block      Mylex DAC960 PCI RAID controller; third controller
                      0 = /dev/rd/c2d0      First disk, whole disk
                      8 = /dev/rd/c2d1      Second disk, whole disk
                        ...
                    248 = /dev/rd/c2d31     32nd disk, whole disk

      51 char       Baycom radio modem OR Radio Tech BIM-XXX-RS232 radio modem
                      0 = /dev/bc0          First Baycom radio modem
                      1 = /dev/bc1          Second Baycom radio modem
                        ...
      51 block      Mylex DAC960 PCI RAID controller; fourth controller
                      0 = /dev/rd/c3d0      First disk, whole disk
                      8 = /dev/rd/c3d1      Second disk, whole disk
                        ...
                    248 = /dev/rd/c3d31     32nd disk, whole disk

                    Partitions are handled as for major 48.

      52 char       Spellcaster DataComm/BRI ISDN card
                      0 = /dev/dcbri0       First DataComm card
                      1 = /dev/dcbri1       Second DataComm card
                      2 = /dev/dcbri2       Third DataComm card
                      3 = /dev/dcbri3       Fourth DataComm card

      52 block      Mylex DAC960 PCI RAID controller; fifth controller
                      0 = /dev/rd/c4d0      First disk, whole disk
                      8 = /dev/rd/c4d1      Second disk, whole disk
                        ...
                    248 = /dev/rd/c4d31     32nd disk, whole disk

                    Partitions are handled as for major 48.

      53 char       BDM interface for remote debugging MC683xx microcontrollers
                      0 = /dev/pd_bdm0      PD BDM interface on lp0
                      1 = /dev/pd_bdm1      PD BDM interface on lp1
                      2 = /dev/pd_bdm2      PD BDM interface on lp2
                      4 = /dev/icd_bdm0     ICD BDM interface on lp0
                      5 = /dev/icd_bdm1     ICD BDM interface on lp1
                      6 = /dev/icd_bdm2     ICD BDM interface on lp2

                    This device is used for the interfacing to the MC683xx
                    microcontrollers via Background Debug Mode by use of a
                    Parallel Port interface. PD is the Motorola Public
                    Domain Interface and ICD is the commercial interface
                    by P&E.

      53 block      Mylex DAC960 PCI RAID controller; sixth controller
                      0 = /dev/rd/c5d0      First disk, whole disk
                      8 = /dev/rd/c5d1      Second disk, whole disk
                        ...
                    248 = /dev/rd/c5d31     32nd disk, whole disk

                    Partitions are handled as for major 48.

      54 char       Electrocardiognosis Holter serial card
                      0 = /dev/holter0      First Holter port
                      1 = /dev/holter1      Second Holter port
                      2 = /dev/holter2      Third Holter port

                    A custom serial card used by Electrocardiognosis SRL
                    <mseritan@ottonel.pub.ro> to transfer data from Holter
                    24-hour heart monitoring equipment.

      54 block      Mylex DAC960 PCI RAID controller; seventh controller
                      0 = /dev/rd/c6d0      First disk, whole disk
                      8 = /dev/rd/c6d1      Second disk, whole disk
                        ...
                    248 = /dev/rd/c6d31     32nd disk, whole disk

                    Partitions are handled as for major 48.

      55 char       DSP56001 digital signal processor
                      0 = /dev/dsp56k       First DSP56001

      55 block      Mylex DAC960 PCI RAID controller; eighth controller
                      0 = /dev/rd/c7d0      First disk, whole disk
                      8 = /dev/rd/c7d1      Second disk, whole disk
                        ...
                    248 = /dev/rd/c7d31     32nd disk, whole disk

                    Partitions are handled as for major 48.

      56 char       Apple Desktop Bus
                      0 = /dev/adb          ADB bus control

                    Additional devices will be added to this number, all
                    starting with /dev/adb.

      56 block      Fifth IDE hard disk/CD-ROM interface
                      0 = /dev/hdi          Master: whole disk (or CD-ROM)
                     64 = /dev/hdj          Slave: whole disk (or CD-ROM)

                    Partitions are handled the same way as for the first
                    interface (see major number 3).

      57 char       Hayes ESP serial card
                      0 = /dev/ttyP0        First ESP port
                      1 = /dev/ttyP1        Second ESP port
                        ...

      57 block      Sixth IDE hard disk/CD-ROM interface
                      0 = /dev/hdk          Master: whole disk (or CD-ROM)
                     64 = /dev/hdl          Slave: whole disk (or CD-ROM)

                    Partitions are handled the same way as for the first
                    interface (see major number 3).

      58 char       Hayes ESP serial card - alternate devices
                      0 = /dev/cup0         Callout device for ttyP0
                      1 = /dev/cup1         Callout device for ttyP1
                        ...

      58 block      Reserved for logical volume manager

      59 char       sf firewall package
                      0 = /dev/firewall     Communication with sf kernel module

      59 block      Generic PDA filesystem device
                      0 = /dev/pda0         First PDA device
                      1 = /dev/pda1         Second PDA device
                        ...

                    The pda devices are used to mount filesystems on
                    remote pda's (basically slow handheld machines with
                    proprietary OS's and limited memory and storage
                    running small fs translation drivers) through serial /
                    IRDA / parallel links.

                    NAMING CONFLICT -- PROPOSED REVISED NAME /dev/rpda0 etc

      60-63 char    LOCAL/EXPERIMENTAL USE

      60-63 block   LOCAL/EXPERIMENTAL USE
                    Allocated for local/experimental use.  For devices not
                    assigned official numbers, these ranges should be
                    used in order to avoid conflicting with future assignments.

      64 char       ENskip kernel encryption package
                      0 = /dev/enskip       Communication with ENskip kernel module

      64 block      Scramdisk/DriveCrypt encrypted devices
                      0 = /dev/scramdisk/master    Master node for ioctls
                      1 = /dev/scramdisk/1         First encrypted device
                      2 = /dev/scramdisk/2         Second encrypted device
                      ...
                    255 = /dev/scramdisk/255       255th encrypted device

                    The filename of the encrypted container and the passwords
                    are sent via ioctls (using the sdmount tool) to the master
                    node which then activates them via one of the
                    /dev/scramdisk/x nodes for loop mounting (all handled
                    through the sdmount tool).

                    Requested by: andy@scramdisklinux.org

      65 char       Sundance "plink" Transputer boards (obsolete, unused)
                      0 = /dev/plink0       First plink device
                      1 = /dev/plink1       Second plink device
                      2 = /dev/plink2       Third plink device
                      3 = /dev/plink3       Fourth plink device
                     64 = /dev/rplink0      First plink device, raw
                     65 = /dev/rplink1      Second plink device, raw
                     66 = /dev/rplink2      Third plink device, raw
                     67 = /dev/rplink3      Fourth plink device, raw
                    128 = /dev/plink0d      First plink device, debug
                    129 = /dev/plink1d      Second plink device, debug
                    130 = /dev/plink2d      Third plink device, debug
                    131 = /dev/plink3d      Fourth plink device, debug
                    192 = /dev/rplink0d     First plink device, raw, debug
                    193 = /dev/rplink1d     Second plink device, raw, debug
                    194 = /dev/rplink2d     Third plink device, raw, debug
                    195 = /dev/rplink3d     Fourth plink device, raw, debug

                    This is a commercial driver; contact James Howes
                    <jth@prosig.demon.co.uk> for information.

      65 block      SCSI disk devices (16-31)
                      0 = /dev/sdq          17th SCSI disk whole disk
                     16 = /dev/sdr          18th SCSI disk whole disk
                     32 = /dev/sds          19th SCSI disk whole disk
                        ...
                    240 = /dev/sdaf         32nd SCSI disk whole disk

                    Partitions are handled in the same way as for IDE
                    disks (see major number 3) except that the limit on
                    partitions is 15.

      66 char       YARC PowerPC PCI coprocessor card
                      0 = /dev/yppcpci0     First YARC card
                      1 = /dev/yppcpci1     Second YARC card
                        ...

      66 block      SCSI disk devices (32-47)
                      0 = /dev/sdag         33th SCSI disk whole disk
                     16 = /dev/sdah         34th SCSI disk whole disk
                     32 = /dev/sdai         35th SCSI disk whole disk
                        ...
                    240 = /dev/sdav         48nd SCSI disk whole disk

                    Partitions are handled in the same way as for IDE
                    disks (see major number 3) except that the limit on
                    partitions is 15.

      67 char       Coda network file system
                      0 = /dev/cfs0         Coda cache manager

                    See http://www.coda.cs.cmu.edu for information about Coda.

      67 block      SCSI disk devices (48-63)
                      0 = /dev/sdaw         49th SCSI disk whole disk
                     16 = /dev/sdax         50th SCSI disk whole disk
                     32 = /dev/sday         51st SCSI disk whole disk
                        ...
                    240 = /dev/sdbl         64th SCSI disk whole disk

                    Partitions are handled in the same way as for IDE
                    disks (see major number 3) except that the limit on
                    partitions is 15.

      68 char       CAPI 2.0 interface
                      0 = /dev/capi20       Control device
                      1 = /dev/capi20.00    First CAPI 2.0 application
                      2 = /dev/capi20.01    Second CAPI 2.0 application
                        ...
                     20 = /dev/capi20.19    19th CAPI 2.0 application

                    ISDN CAPI 2.0 driver for use with CAPI 2.0
                    applications; currently supports the AVM B1 card.

      68 block      SCSI disk devices (64-79)
                      0 = /dev/sdbm         65th SCSI disk whole disk
                     16 = /dev/sdbn         66th SCSI disk whole disk
                     32 = /dev/sdbo         67th SCSI disk whole disk
                        ...
                    240 = /dev/sdcb         80th SCSI disk whole disk

                    Partitions are handled in the same way as for IDE
                    disks (see major number 3) except that the limit on
                    partitions is 15.

      69 char       MA16 numeric accelerator card
                      0 = /dev/ma16         Board memory access

      69 block      SCSI disk devices (80-95)
                      0 = /dev/sdcc         81st SCSI disk whole disk
                     16 = /dev/sdcd         82nd SCSI disk whole disk
                     32 = /dev/sdce         83th SCSI disk whole disk
                        ...
                    240 = /dev/sdcr         96th SCSI disk whole disk

                    Partitions are handled in the same way as for IDE
                    disks (see major number 3) except that the limit on
                    partitions is 15.

      70 char       SpellCaster Protocol Services Interface
                      0 = /dev/apscfg       Configuration interface
                      1 = /dev/apsauth      Authentication interface
                      2 = /dev/apslog       Logging interface
                      3 = /dev/apsdbg       Debugging interface
                     64 = /dev/apsisdn      ISDN command interface
                     65 = /dev/apsasync     Async command interface
                    128 = /dev/apsmon       Monitor interface

      70 block      SCSI disk devices (96-111)
                      0 = /dev/sdcs         97th SCSI disk whole disk
                     16 = /dev/sdct         98th SCSI disk whole disk
                     32 = /dev/sdcu         99th SCSI disk whole disk
                        ...
                    240 = /dev/sddh         112nd SCSI disk whole disk

                    Partitions are handled in the same way as for IDE
                    disks (see major number 3) except that the limit on
                    partitions is 15.

      71 char       Computone IntelliPort II serial card
                      0 = /dev/ttyF0        IntelliPort II board 0, port 0
                      1 = /dev/ttyF1        IntelliPort II board 0, port 1
                        ...
                     63 = /dev/ttyF63       IntelliPort II board 0, port 63
                     64 = /dev/ttyF64       IntelliPort II board 1, port 0
                     65 = /dev/ttyF65       IntelliPort II board 1, port 1
                        ...
                    127 = /dev/ttyF127      IntelliPort II board 1, port 63
                    128 = /dev/ttyF128      IntelliPort II board 2, port 0
                    129 = /dev/ttyF129      IntelliPort II board 2, port 1
                        ...
                    191 = /dev/ttyF191      IntelliPort II board 2, port 63
                    192 = /dev/ttyF192      IntelliPort II board 3, port 0
                    193 = /dev/ttyF193      IntelliPort II board 3, port 1
                        ...
                    255 = /dev/ttyF255      IntelliPort II board 3, port 63

      71 block      SCSI disk devices (112-127)
                      0 = /dev/sddi         113th SCSI disk whole disk
                     16 = /dev/sddj         114th SCSI disk whole disk
                     32 = /dev/sddk         115th SCSI disk whole disk
                        ...
                    240 = /dev/sddx         128th SCSI disk whole disk

                    Partitions are handled in the same way as for IDE
                    disks (see major number 3) except that the limit on
                    partitions is 15.

      72 char       Computone IntelliPort II serial card - alternate devices
                      0 = /dev/cuf0         Callout device for ttyF0
                      1 = /dev/cuf1         Callout device for ttyF1
                        ...
                     63 = /dev/cuf63        Callout device for ttyF63
                     64 = /dev/cuf64        Callout device for ttyF64
                     65 = /dev/cuf65        Callout device for ttyF65
                        ...
                    127 = /dev/cuf127       Callout device for ttyF127
                    128 = /dev/cuf128       Callout device for ttyF128
                    129 = /dev/cuf129       Callout device for ttyF129
                        ...
                    191 = /dev/cuf191       Callout device for ttyF191
                    192 = /dev/cuf192       Callout device for ttyF192
                    193 = /dev/cuf193       Callout device for ttyF193
                        ...
                    255 = /dev/cuf255       Callout device for ttyF255

      72 block      Compaq Intelligent Drive Array, first controller
                      0 = /dev/ida/c0d0     First logical drive whole disk
                     16 = /dev/ida/c0d1     Second logical drive whole disk
                        ...
                    240 = /dev/ida/c0d15    16th logical drive whole disk

                    Partitions are handled the same way as for Mylex
                    DAC960 (see major number 48) except that the limit on
                    partitions is 15.

      73 char       Computone IntelliPort II serial card - control devices
                      0 = /dev/ip2ipl0      Loadware device for board 0
                      1 = /dev/ip2stat0     Status device for board 0
                      4 = /dev/ip2ipl1      Loadware device for board 1
                      5 = /dev/ip2stat1     Status device for board 1
                      8 = /dev/ip2ipl2      Loadware device for board 2
                      9 = /dev/ip2stat2     Status device for board 2
                     12 = /dev/ip2ipl3      Loadware device for board 3
                     13 = /dev/ip2stat3     Status device for board 3

      73 block      Compaq Intelligent Drive Array, second controller
                      0 = /dev/ida/c1d0     First logical drive whole disk
                     16 = /dev/ida/c1d1     Second logical drive whole disk
                        ...
                    240 = /dev/ida/c1d15    16th logical drive whole disk

                    Partitions are handled the same way as for Mylex
                    DAC960 (see major number 48) except that the limit on
                    partitions is 15.

      74 char       SCI bridge
                      0 = /dev/SCI/0        SCI device 0
                      1 = /dev/SCI/1        SCI device 1
                        ...

                    Currently for Dolphin Interconnect Solutions' PCI-SCI
                    bridge.

      74 block      Compaq Intelligent Drive Array, third controller
                      0 = /dev/ida/c2d0     First logical drive whole disk
                     16 = /dev/ida/c2d1     Second logical drive whole disk
                        ...
                    240 = /dev/ida/c2d15    16th logical drive whole disk

                    Partitions are handled the same way as for Mylex
                    DAC960 (see major number 48) except that the limit on
                    partitions is 15.

      75 char       Specialix IO8+ serial card
                      0 = /dev/ttyW0        First IO8+ port, first card
                      1 = /dev/ttyW1        Second IO8+ port, first card
                        ...
                      8 = /dev/ttyW8        First IO8+ port, second card
                        ...

      75 block      Compaq Intelligent Drive Array, fourth controller
                      0 = /dev/ida/c3d0     First logical drive whole disk
                     16 = /dev/ida/c3d1     Second logical drive whole disk
                        ...
                    240 = /dev/ida/c3d15    16th logical drive whole disk

                    Partitions are handled the same way as for Mylex
                    DAC960 (see major number 48) except that the limit on
                    partitions is 15.

      76 char       Specialix IO8+ serial card - alternate devices
                      0 = /dev/cuw0         Callout device for ttyW0
                      1 = /dev/cuw1         Callout device for ttyW1
                        ...
                      8 = /dev/cuw8         Callout device for ttyW8
                        ...

      76 block      Compaq Intelligent Drive Array, fifth controller
                      0 = /dev/ida/c4d0     First logical drive whole disk
                     16 = /dev/ida/c4d1     Second logical drive whole disk
                        ...
                    240 = /dev/ida/c4d15    16th logical drive whole disk

                    Partitions are handled the same way as for Mylex
                    DAC960 (see major number 48) except that the limit on
                    partitions is 15.

      77 char       ComScire Quantum Noise Generator
                      0 = /dev/qng          ComScire Quantum Noise Generator

      77 block      Compaq Intelligent Drive Array, sixth controller
                      0 = /dev/ida/c5d0     First logical drive whole disk
                     16 = /dev/ida/c5d1     Second logical drive whole disk
                        ...
                    240 = /dev/ida/c5d15    16th logical drive whole disk

                    Partitions are handled the same way as for Mylex
                    DAC960 (see major number 48) except that the limit on
                    partitions is 15.

      78 char       PAM Software's multimodem boards
                      0 = /dev/ttyM0        First PAM modem
                      1 = /dev/ttyM1        Second PAM modem
                        ...

      78 block      Compaq Intelligent Drive Array, seventh controller
                      0 = /dev/ida/c6d0     First logical drive whole disk
                     16 = /dev/ida/c6d1     Second logical drive whole disk
                        ...
                    240 = /dev/ida/c6d15    16th logical drive whole disk

                    Partitions are handled the same way as for Mylex
                    DAC960 (see major number 48) except that the limit on
                    partitions is 15.

      79 char       PAM Software's multimodem boards - alternate devices
                      0 = /dev/cum0         Callout device for ttyM0
                      1 = /dev/cum1         Callout device for ttyM1
                        ...

      79 block      Compaq Intelligent Drive Array, eighth controller
                      0 = /dev/ida/c7d0     First logical drive whole disk
                     16 = /dev/ida/c7d1     Second logical drive whole disk
                        ...
                    240 = /dev/ida/c715     16th logical drive whole disk

                    Partitions are handled the same way as for Mylex
                    DAC960 (see major number 48) except that the limit on
                    partitions is 15.

      80 char       Photometrics AT200 CCD camera
                      0 = /dev/at200        Photometrics AT200 CCD camera

      80 block      I2O hard disk
                      0 = /dev/i2o/hda      First I2O hard disk, whole disk
                     16 = /dev/i2o/hdb      Second I2O hard disk, whole disk
                        ...
                    240 = /dev/i2o/hdp      16th I2O hard disk, whole disk

                    Partitions are handled in the same way as for IDE
                    disks (see major number 3) except that the limit on
                    partitions is 15.

      81 char       video4linux
                      0 = /dev/video0       Video capture/overlay device
                        ...
                     63 = /dev/video63      Video capture/overlay device
                     64 = /dev/radio0       Radio device
                        ...
                    127 = /dev/radio63      Radio device
                    128 = /dev/swradio0     Software Defined Radio device
                        ...
                    191 = /dev/swradio63    Software Defined Radio device
                    224 = /dev/vbi0         Vertical blank interrupt
                        ...
                    255 = /dev/vbi31        Vertical blank interrupt

                    Minor numbers are allocated dynamically unless
                    CONFIG_VIDEO_FIXED_MINOR_RANGES (default n)
                    configuration option is set.

      81 block      I2O hard disk
                      0 = /dev/i2o/hdq      17th I2O hard disk, whole disk
                     16 = /dev/i2o/hdr      18th I2O hard disk, whole disk
                        ...
                    240 = /dev/i2o/hdaf     32nd I2O hard disk, whole disk

                    Partitions are handled in the same way as for IDE
                    disks (see major number 3) except that the limit on
                    partitions is 15.

      82 char       WiNRADiO communications receiver card
                      0 = /dev/winradio0    First WiNRADiO card
                      1 = /dev/winradio1    Second WiNRADiO card
                        ...

                    The driver and documentation may be obtained from
                    https://www.winradio.com/

      82 block      I2O hard disk
                      0 = /dev/i2o/hdag     33rd I2O hard disk, whole disk
                     16 = /dev/i2o/hdah     34th I2O hard disk, whole disk
                        ...
                    240 = /dev/i2o/hdav     48th I2O hard disk, whole disk

                    Partitions are handled in the same way as for IDE
                    disks (see major number 3) except that the limit on
                    partitions is 15.

      83 char       Matrox mga_vid video driver
                     0 = /dev/mga_vid0      1st video card
                     1 = /dev/mga_vid1      2nd video card
                     2 = /dev/mga_vid2      3rd video card
                      ...
                    15 = /dev/mga_vid15     16th video card

      83 block      I2O hard disk
                      0 = /dev/i2o/hdaw     49th I2O hard disk, whole disk
                     16 = /dev/i2o/hdax     50th I2O hard disk, whole disk
                        ...
                    240 = /dev/i2o/hdbl     64th I2O hard disk, whole disk

                    Partitions are handled in the same way as for IDE
                    disks (see major number 3) except that the limit on
                    partitions is 15.

      84 char       Ikon 1011[57] Versatec Greensheet Interface
                      0 = /dev/ihcp0        First Greensheet port
                      1 = /dev/ihcp1        Second Greensheet port

      84 block      I2O hard disk
                      0 = /dev/i2o/hdbm     65th I2O hard disk, whole disk
                     16 = /dev/i2o/hdbn     66th I2O hard disk, whole disk
                        ...
                    240 = /dev/i2o/hdcb     80th I2O hard disk, whole disk

                    Partitions are handled in the same way as for IDE
                    disks (see major number 3) except that the limit on
                    partitions is 15.

      85 char       Linux/SGI shared memory input queue
                      0 = /dev/shmiq        Master shared input queue
                      1 = /dev/qcntl0       First device pushed
                      2 = /dev/qcntl1       Second device pushed
                        ...

      85 block      I2O hard disk
                      0 = /dev/i2o/hdcc     81st I2O hard disk, whole disk
                     16 = /dev/i2o/hdcd     82nd I2O hard disk, whole disk
                        ...
                    240 = /dev/i2o/hdcr     96th I2O hard disk, whole disk

                    Partitions are handled in the same way as for IDE
                    disks (see major number 3) except that the limit on
                    partitions is 15.

      86 char       SCSI media changer
                      0 = /dev/sch0         First SCSI media changer
                      1 = /dev/sch1         Second SCSI media changer
                        ...

      86 block      I2O hard disk
                      0 = /dev/i2o/hdcs     97th I2O hard disk, whole disk
                     16 = /dev/i2o/hdct     98th I2O hard disk, whole disk
                        ...
                    240 = /dev/i2o/hddh     112th I2O hard disk, whole disk

                    Partitions are handled in the same way as for IDE
                    disks (see major number 3) except that the limit on
                    partitions is 15.

      87 char       Sony Control-A1 stereo control bus
                      0 = /dev/controla0    First device on chain
                      1 = /dev/controla1    Second device on chain
                        ...

      87 block      I2O hard disk
                      0 = /dev/i2o/hddi     113rd I2O hard disk, whole disk
                     16 = /dev/i2o/hddj     114th I2O hard disk, whole disk
                        ...
                    240 = /dev/i2o/hddx     128th I2O hard disk, whole disk

                    Partitions are handled in the same way as for IDE
                    disks (see major number 3) except that the limit on
                    partitions is 15.

      88 char       COMX synchronous serial card
                      0 = /dev/comx0        COMX channel 0
                      1 = /dev/comx1        COMX channel 1
                        ...

      88 block      Seventh IDE hard disk/CD-ROM interface
                      0 = /dev/hdm          Master: whole disk (or CD-ROM)
                     64 = /dev/hdn          Slave: whole disk (or CD-ROM)

                    Partitions are handled the same way as for the first
                    interface (see major number 3).

      89 char       I2C bus interface
                      0 = /dev/i2c-0        First I2C adapter
                      1 = /dev/i2c-1        Second I2C adapter
                        ...

      89 block      Eighth IDE hard disk/CD-ROM interface
                      0 = /dev/hdo          Master: whole disk (or CD-ROM)
                     64 = /dev/hdp          Slave: whole disk (or CD-ROM)

                    Partitions are handled the same way as for the first
                    interface (see major number 3).

      90 char       Memory Technology Device (RAM, ROM, Flash)
                      0 = /dev/mtd0         First MTD (rw)
                      1 = /dev/mtdr0        First MTD (ro)
                        ...
                     30 = /dev/mtd15        16th MTD (rw)
                     31 = /dev/mtdr15       16th MTD (ro)

      90 block      Ninth IDE hard disk/CD-ROM interface
                      0 = /dev/hdq          Master: whole disk (or CD-ROM)
                     64 = /dev/hdr          Slave: whole disk (or CD-ROM)

                    Partitions are handled the same way as for the first
                    interface (see major number 3).

      91 char       CAN-Bus devices
                      0 = /dev/can0         First CAN-Bus controller
                      1 = /dev/can1         Second CAN-Bus controller
                        ...

      91 block      Tenth IDE hard disk/CD-ROM interface
                      0 = /dev/hds          Master: whole disk (or CD-ROM)
                     64 = /dev/hdt          Slave: whole disk (or CD-ROM)

                    Partitions are handled the same way as for the first
                    interface (see major number 3).

      92 char       Reserved for ith Kommunikationstechnik MIC ISDN card

      92 block      PPDD encrypted disk driver
                      0 = /dev/ppdd0        First encrypted disk
                      1 = /dev/ppdd1        Second encrypted disk
                        ...

                    Partitions are handled in the same way as for IDE
                    disks (see major number 3) except that the limit on
                    partitions is 15.

      93 char

      93 block      NAND Flash Translation Layer filesystem
                      0 = /dev/nftla        First NFTL layer
                     16 = /dev/nftlb        Second NFTL layer
                        ...
                    240 = /dev/nftlp        16th NTFL layer

      94 char

      94 block      IBM S/390 DASD block storage
                      0 = /dev/dasda First DASD device, major
                      1 = /dev/dasda1 First DASD device, block 1
                      2 = /dev/dasda2 First DASD device, block 2
                      3 = /dev/dasda3 First DASD device, block 3
                      4 = /dev/dasdb Second DASD device, major
                      5 = /dev/dasdb1 Second DASD device, block 1
                      6 = /dev/dasdb2 Second DASD device, block 2
                      7 = /dev/dasdb3 Second DASD device, block 3
                        ...

      95 char       IP filter
                      0 = /dev/ipl          Filter control device/log file
                      1 = /dev/ipnat        NAT control device/log file
                      2 = /dev/ipstate      State information log file
                      3 = /dev/ipauth       Authentication control device/log file
                        ...

      96 char       Parallel port ATAPI tape devices
                      0 = /dev/pt0          First parallel port ATAPI tape
                      1 = /dev/pt1          Second parallel port ATAPI tape
                        ...
                    128 = /dev/npt0         First p.p. ATAPI tape, no rewind
                    129 = /dev/npt1         Second p.p. ATAPI tape, no rewind
                        ...

      96 block      Inverse NAND Flash Translation Layer
                      0 = /dev/inftla First INFTL layer
                     16 = /dev/inftlb Second INFTL layer
                        ...
                    240 = /dev/inftlp       16th INTFL layer

      97 char       Parallel port generic ATAPI interface
                      0 = /dev/pg0          First parallel port ATAPI device
                      1 = /dev/pg1          Second parallel port ATAPI device
                      2 = /dev/pg2          Third parallel port ATAPI device
                      3 = /dev/pg3          Fourth parallel port ATAPI device

                    These devices support the same API as the generic SCSI
                    devices.

      98 char       Control and Measurement Device (comedi)
                      0 = /dev/comedi0      First comedi device
                      1 = /dev/comedi1      Second comedi device
                        ...
                     47 = /dev/comedi47     48th comedi device

                    Minors 48 to 255 are reserved for comedi subdevices with
                    pathnames of the form "/dev/comediX_subdY", where "X" is the
                    minor number of the associated comedi device and "Y" is the
                    subdevice number.  These subdevice minors are assigned
                    dynamically, so there is no fixed mapping from subdevice
                    pathnames to minor numbers.

                    See https://www.comedi.org/ for information about the Comedi
                    project.

      98 block      User-mode virtual block device
                      0 = /dev/ubda         First user-mode block device
                     16 = /dev/ubdb         Second user-mode block device
                        ...

                    Partitions are handled in the same way as for IDE
                    disks (see major number 3) except that the limit on
                    partitions is 15.

                    This device is used by the user-mode virtual kernel port.

      99 char       Raw parallel ports
                      0 = /dev/parport0     First parallel port
                      1 = /dev/parport1     Second parallel port
                        ...

      99 block      JavaStation flash disk
                      0 = /dev/jsfd         JavaStation flash disk

     100 char       Telephony for Linux
                      0 = /dev/phone0       First telephony device
                      1 = /dev/phone1       Second telephony device
                        ...

     101 char       Motorola DSP 56xxx board
                      0 = /dev/mdspstat     Status information
                      1 = /dev/mdsp1        First DSP board I/O controls
                        ...
                     16 = /dev/mdsp16       16th DSP board I/O controls

     101 block      AMI HyperDisk RAID controller
                      0 = /dev/amiraid/ar0  First array whole disk
                     16 = /dev/amiraid/ar1  Second array whole disk
                        ...
                    240 = /dev/amiraid/ar15 16th array whole disk

                    For each device, partitions are added as:
                      0 = /dev/amiraid/ar?    Whole disk
                      1 = /dev/amiraid/ar?p1  First partition
                      2 = /dev/amiraid/ar?p2  Second partition
                        ...
                     15 = /dev/amiraid/ar?p15 15th partition

     102 char

     102 block      Compressed block device
                      0 = /dev/cbd/a        First compressed block device, whole device
                     16 = /dev/cbd/b        Second compressed block device, whole device
                        ...
                    240 = /dev/cbd/p        16th compressed block device, whole device

                    Partitions are handled in the same way as for IDE
                    disks (see major number 3) except that the limit on
                    partitions is 15.

     103 char       Arla network file system
                      0 = /dev/nnpfs0       First NNPFS device
                      1 = /dev/nnpfs1       Second NNPFS device

                    Arla is a free clone of the Andrew File System, AFS.
                    The NNPFS device gives user mode filesystem
                    implementations a kernel presence for caching and easy
                    mounting.  For more information about the project,
                    write to <arla-drinkers@stacken.kth.se> or see
                    https://www.stacken.kth.se/project/arla/

     103 block      Audit device
                      0 = /dev/audit        Audit device

     104 char       Flash BIOS support

     104 block      Compaq Next Generation Drive Array, first controller
                      0 = /dev/cciss/c0d0   First logical drive, whole disk
                     16 = /dev/cciss/c0d1   Second logical drive, whole disk
                        ...
                    240 = /dev/cciss/c0d15  16th logical drive, whole disk

                    Partitions are handled the same way as for Mylex
                    DAC960 (see major number 48) except that the limit on
                    partitions is 15.

     105 char       Comtrol VS-1000 serial controller
                      0 = /dev/ttyV0        First VS-1000 port
                      1 = /dev/ttyV1        Second VS-1000 port
                        ...

     105 block      Compaq Next Generation Drive Array, second controller
                      0 = /dev/cciss/c1d0   First logical drive, whole disk
                     16 = /dev/cciss/c1d1   Second logical drive, whole disk
                        ...
                    240 = /dev/cciss/c1d15  16th logical drive, whole disk

                    Partitions are handled the same way as for Mylex
                    DAC960 (see major number 48) except that the limit on
                    partitions is 15.

     106 char       Comtrol VS-1000 serial controller - alternate devices
                      0 = /dev/cuv0         First VS-1000 port
                      1 = /dev/cuv1         Second VS-1000 port
                        ...

     106 block      Compaq Next Generation Drive Array, third controller
                      0 = /dev/cciss/c2d0   First logical drive, whole disk
                     16 = /dev/cciss/c2d1   Second logical drive, whole disk
                        ...
                    240 = /dev/cciss/c2d15  16th logical drive, whole disk

                    Partitions are handled the same way as for Mylex
                    DAC960 (see major number 48) except that the limit on
                    partitions is 15.

     107 char       3Dfx Voodoo Graphics device
                      0 = /dev/3dfx         Primary 3Dfx graphics device

     107 block      Compaq Next Generation Drive Array, fourth controller
                      0 = /dev/cciss/c3d0   First logical drive, whole disk
                     16 = /dev/cciss/c3d1   Second logical drive, whole disk
                        ...
                    240 = /dev/cciss/c3d15  16th logical drive, whole disk

                    Partitions are handled the same way as for Mylex
                    DAC960 (see major number 48) except that the limit on
                    partitions is 15.

     108 char       Device independent PPP interface
                      0 = /dev/ppp          Device independent PPP interface

     108 block      Compaq Next Generation Drive Array, fifth controller
                      0 = /dev/cciss/c4d0   First logical drive, whole disk
                     16 = /dev/cciss/c4d1   Second logical drive, whole disk
                        ...
                    240 = /dev/cciss/c4d15  16th logical drive, whole disk

                    Partitions are handled the same way as for Mylex
                    DAC960 (see major number 48) except that the limit on
                    partitions is 15.

     109 char       Reserved for logical volume manager

     109 block      Compaq Next Generation Drive Array, sixth controller
                      0 = /dev/cciss/c5d0   First logical drive, whole disk
                     16 = /dev/cciss/c5d1   Second logical drive, whole disk
                        ...
                    240 = /dev/cciss/c5d15  16th logical drive, whole disk

                    Partitions are handled the same way as for Mylex
                    DAC960 (see major number 48) except that the limit on
                    partitions is 15.

     110 char       miroMEDIA Surround board
                      0 = /dev/srnd0        First miroMEDIA Surround board
                      1 = /dev/srnd1        Second miroMEDIA Surround board
                        ...

     110 block      Compaq Next Generation Drive Array, seventh controller
                      0 = /dev/cciss/c6d0   First logical drive, whole disk
                     16 = /dev/cciss/c6d1   Second logical drive, whole disk
                        ...
                    240 = /dev/cciss/c6d15  16th logical drive, whole disk

                    Partitions are handled the same way as for Mylex
                    DAC960 (see major number 48) except that the limit on
                    partitions is 15.

     111 char

     111 block      Compaq Next Generation Drive Array, eighth controller
                      0 = /dev/cciss/c7d0   First logical drive, whole disk
                     16 = /dev/cciss/c7d1   Second logical drive, whole disk
                        ...
                    240 = /dev/cciss/c7d15  16th logical drive, whole disk

                    Partitions are handled the same way as for Mylex
                    DAC960 (see major number 48) except that the limit on
                    partitions is 15.

     112 char       ISI serial card
                      0 = /dev/ttyM0        First ISI port
                      1 = /dev/ttyM1        Second ISI port
                        ...

                    There is currently a device-naming conflict between
                    these and PAM multimodems (major 78).

     112 block      IBM iSeries virtual disk
                      0 = /dev/iseries/vda  First virtual disk, whole disk
                      8 = /dev/iseries/vdb  Second virtual disk, whole disk
                        ...
                    200 = /dev/iseries/vdz  26th virtual disk, whole disk
                    208 = /dev/iseries/vdaa 27th virtual disk, whole disk
                        ...
                    248 = /dev/iseries/vdaf 32nd virtual disk, whole disk

                    Partitions are handled in the same way as for IDE
                    disks (see major number 3) except that the limit on
                    partitions is 7.

     113 char       ISI serial card - alternate devices
                      0 = /dev/cum0         Callout device for ttyM0
                      1 = /dev/cum1         Callout device for ttyM1
                        ...

     113 block      IBM iSeries virtual CD-ROM
                      0 = /dev/iseries/vcda First virtual CD-ROM
                      1 = /dev/iseries/vcdb Second virtual CD-ROM
                        ...

     114 char       Picture Elements ISE board
                      0 = /dev/ise0         First ISE board
                      1 = /dev/ise1         Second ISE board
                        ...
                    128 = /dev/isex0        Control node for first ISE board
                    129 = /dev/isex1        Control node for second ISE board
                        ...

                    The ISE board is an embedded computer, optimized for
                    image processing. The /dev/iseN nodes are the general
                    I/O access to the board, the /dev/isex0 nodes command
                    nodes used to control the board.

     114 block       IDE BIOS powered software RAID interfaces such as the
                    Promise Fastrak

                       0 = /dev/ataraid/d0
                       1 = /dev/ataraid/d0p1
                       2 = /dev/ataraid/d0p2
                      ...
                      16 = /dev/ataraid/d1
                      17 = /dev/ataraid/d1p1
                      18 = /dev/ataraid/d1p2
                      ...
                     255 = /dev/ataraid/d15p15

                    Partitions are handled in the same way as for IDE
                    disks (see major number 3) except that the limit on
                    partitions is 15.

     115 char       TI link cable devices (115 was formerly the console driver speaker)
                      0 = /dev/tipar0    Parallel cable on first parallel port
                      ...
                      7 = /dev/tipar7    Parallel cable on seventh parallel port

                      8 = /dev/tiser0    Serial cable on first serial port
                      ...
                     15 = /dev/tiser7    Serial cable on seventh serial port

                     16 = /dev/tiusb0    First USB cable
                      ...
                     47 = /dev/tiusb31   32nd USB cable

     115 block       NetWare (NWFS) Devices (0-255)

                    The NWFS (NetWare) devices are used to present a
                    collection of NetWare Mirror Groups or NetWare
                    Partitions as a logical storage segment for
                    use in mounting NetWare volumes.  A maximum of
                     256 NetWare volumes can be supported in a single
                    machine.

                    http://cgfa.telepac.pt/ftp2/kernel.org/linux/kernel/people/jmerkey/nwfs/

                     0 = /dev/nwfs/v0    First NetWare (NWFS) Logical Volume
                     1 = /dev/nwfs/v1    Second NetWare (NWFS) Logical Volume
                     2 = /dev/nwfs/v2    Third NetWare (NWFS) Logical Volume
                          ...
                     255 = /dev/nwfs/v255    Last NetWare (NWFS) Logical Volume

     116 char       Advanced Linux Sound Driver (ALSA)

     116 block       MicroMemory battery backed RAM adapter (NVRAM)
                    Supports 16 boards, 15 partitions each.
                    Requested by neilb at cse.unsw.edu.au.

                     0 = /dev/umem/d0      Whole of first board
                     1 = /dev/umem/d0p1    First partition of first board
                     2 = /dev/umem/d0p2    Second partition of first board
                    15 = /dev/umem/d0p15   15th partition of first board

                    16 = /dev/umem/d1      Whole of second board
                    17 = /dev/umem/d1p1    First partition of second board
                        ...
                    255= /dev/umem/d15p15  15th partition of 16th board.

     117 char       COSA/SRP synchronous serial card
                      0 = /dev/cosa0c0      1st board, 1st channel
                      1 = /dev/cosa0c1      1st board, 2nd channel
                        ...
                     16 = /dev/cosa1c0      2nd board, 1st channel
                     17 = /dev/cosa1c1      2nd board, 2nd channel
                        ...

     117 block       Enterprise Volume Management System (EVMS)

                    The EVMS driver uses a layered, plug-in model to provide
                    unparalleled flexibility and extensibility in managing
                    storage.  This allows for easy expansion or customization
                    of various levels of volume management.  Requested by
                    Mark Peloquin (peloquin at us.ibm.com).

                    Note: EVMS populates and manages all the devnodes in
                    /dev/evms.

                    http://sf.net/projects/evms

                       0 = /dev/evms/block_device   EVMS block device
                       1 = /dev/evms/legacyname1    First EVMS legacy device
                       2 = /dev/evms/legacyname2    Second EVMS legacy device
                        ...
                        Both ranges can grow (down or up) until they meet.
                        ...
                     254 = /dev/evms/EVMSname2      Second EVMS native device
                     255 = /dev/evms/EVMSname1      First EVMS native device

                    Note: legacyname(s) are derived from the normal legacy
                    device names.  For example, /dev/hda5 would become
                    /dev/evms/hda5.

     118 char       IBM Cryptographic Accelerator
                      0 = /dev/ica  Virtual interface to all IBM Crypto Accelerators
                      1 = /dev/ica0 IBMCA Device 0
                      2 = /dev/ica1 IBMCA Device 1
                        ...

     119 char       VMware virtual network control
                      0 = /dev/vnet0        1st virtual network
                      1 = /dev/vnet1        2nd virtual network
                        ...

     120-127 char   LOCAL/EXPERIMENTAL USE

     120-127 block  LOCAL/EXPERIMENTAL USE
                    Allocated for local/experimental use.  For devices not
                    assigned official numbers, these ranges should be
                    used in order to avoid conflicting with future assignments.

     128-135 char   Unix98 PTY masters

                    These devices should not have corresponding device
                    nodes; instead they should be accessed through the
                    /dev/ptmx cloning interface.

     128 block       SCSI disk devices (128-143)
                       0 = /dev/sddy         129th SCSI disk whole disk
                      16 = /dev/sddz         130th SCSI disk whole disk
                      32 = /dev/sdea         131th SCSI disk whole disk
                        ...
                     240 = /dev/sden         144th SCSI disk whole disk

                    Partitions are handled in the same way as for IDE
                    disks (see major number 3) except that the limit on
                    partitions is 15.

     129 block       SCSI disk devices (144-159)
                       0 = /dev/sdeo         145th SCSI disk whole disk
                      16 = /dev/sdep         146th SCSI disk whole disk
                      32 = /dev/sdeq         147th SCSI disk whole disk
                        ...
                     240 = /dev/sdfd         160th SCSI disk whole disk

                    Partitions are handled in the same way as for IDE
                    disks (see major number 3) except that the limit on
                    partitions is 15.

     130 char       (Misc devices)

     130 block       SCSI disk devices (160-175)
                       0 = /dev/sdfe         161st SCSI disk whole disk
                      16 = /dev/sdff         162nd SCSI disk whole disk
                      32 = /dev/sdfg         163rd SCSI disk whole disk
                        ...
                     240 = /dev/sdft         176th SCSI disk whole disk

                    Partitions are handled in the same way as for IDE
                    disks (see major number 3) except that the limit on
                    partitions is 15.

     131 block       SCSI disk devices (176-191)
                       0 = /dev/sdfu         177th SCSI disk whole disk
                      16 = /dev/sdfv         178th SCSI disk whole disk
                      32 = /dev/sdfw         179th SCSI disk whole disk
                        ...
                     240 = /dev/sdgj         192nd SCSI disk whole disk

                    Partitions are handled in the same way as for IDE
                    disks (see major number 3) except that the limit on
                    partitions is 15.

     132 block       SCSI disk devices (192-207)
                       0 = /dev/sdgk         193rd SCSI disk whole disk
                      16 = /dev/sdgl         194th SCSI disk whole disk
                      32 = /dev/sdgm         195th SCSI disk whole disk
                        ...
                     240 = /dev/sdgz         208th SCSI disk whole disk

                    Partitions are handled in the same way as for IDE
                    disks (see major number 3) except that the limit on
                    partitions is 15.

     133 block       SCSI disk devices (208-223)
                       0 = /dev/sdha         209th SCSI disk whole disk
                      16 = /dev/sdhb         210th SCSI disk whole disk
                      32 = /dev/sdhc         211th SCSI disk whole disk
                        ...
                     240 = /dev/sdhp         224th SCSI disk whole disk

                    Partitions are handled in the same way as for IDE
                    disks (see major number 3) except that the limit on
                    partitions is 15.

     134 block       SCSI disk devices (224-239)
                       0 = /dev/sdhq         225th SCSI disk whole disk
                      16 = /dev/sdhr         226th SCSI disk whole disk
                      32 = /dev/sdhs         227th SCSI disk whole disk
                        ...
                     240 = /dev/sdif         240th SCSI disk whole disk

                    Partitions are handled in the same way as for IDE
                    disks (see major number 3) except that the limit on
                    partitions is 15.

     135 block       SCSI disk devices (240-255)
                       0 = /dev/sdig         241st SCSI disk whole disk
                      16 = /dev/sdih         242nd SCSI disk whole disk
                      32 = /dev/sdih         243rd SCSI disk whole disk
                        ...
                     240 = /dev/sdiv         256th SCSI disk whole disk

                    Partitions are handled in the same way as for IDE
                    disks (see major number 3) except that the limit on
                    partitions is 15.

     136-143 char   Unix98 PTY slaves
                      0 = /dev/pts/0        First Unix98 pseudo-TTY
                      1 = /dev/pts/1        Second Unix98 pseudo-TTY
                        ...

                    These device nodes are automatically generated with
                    the proper permissions and modes by mounting the
                    devpts filesystem onto /dev/pts with the appropriate
                    mount options (distribution dependent, however, on
                    *most* distributions the appropriate options are
                    "mode=0620,gid=<gid of the "tty" group>".)

     136 block      Mylex DAC960 PCI RAID controller; ninth controller
                      0 = /dev/rd/c8d0      First disk, whole disk
                      8 = /dev/rd/c8d1      Second disk, whole disk
                        ...
                    248 = /dev/rd/c8d31     32nd disk, whole disk

                    Partitions are handled as for major 48.

     137 block      Mylex DAC960 PCI RAID controller; tenth controller
                      0 = /dev/rd/c9d0      First disk, whole disk
                      8 = /dev/rd/c9d1      Second disk, whole disk
                        ...
                    248 = /dev/rd/c9d31     32nd disk, whole disk

                    Partitions are handled as for major 48.

     138 block      Mylex DAC960 PCI RAID controller; eleventh controller
                      0 = /dev/rd/c10d0     First disk, whole disk
                      8 = /dev/rd/c10d1     Second disk, whole disk
                        ...
                    248 = /dev/rd/c10d31    32nd disk, whole disk

                    Partitions are handled as for major 48.

     139 block      Mylex DAC960 PCI RAID controller; twelfth controller
                      0 = /dev/rd/c11d0     First disk, whole disk
                      8 = /dev/rd/c11d1     Second disk, whole disk
                        ...
                    248 = /dev/rd/c11d31    32nd disk, whole disk

                    Partitions are handled as for major 48.

     140 block      Mylex DAC960 PCI RAID controller; thirteenth controller
                      0 = /dev/rd/c12d0     First disk, whole disk
                      8 = /dev/rd/c12d1     Second disk, whole disk
                        ...
                    248 = /dev/rd/c12d31    32nd disk, whole disk

                    Partitions are handled as for major 48.

     141 block      Mylex DAC960 PCI RAID controller; fourteenth controller
                      0 = /dev/rd/c13d0     First disk, whole disk
                      8 = /dev/rd/c13d1     Second disk, whole disk
                        ...
                    248 = /dev/rd/c13d31    32nd disk, whole disk

                    Partitions are handled as for major 48.

     142 block      Mylex DAC960 PCI RAID controller; fifteenth controller
                      0 = /dev/rd/c14d0     First disk, whole disk
                      8 = /dev/rd/c14d1     Second disk, whole disk
                        ...
                    248 = /dev/rd/c14d31    32nd disk, whole disk

                    Partitions are handled as for major 48.

     143 block      Mylex DAC960 PCI RAID controller; sixteenth controller
                      0 = /dev/rd/c15d0     First disk, whole disk
                      8 = /dev/rd/c15d1     Second disk, whole disk
                        ...
                    248 = /dev/rd/c15d31    32nd disk, whole disk

                    Partitions are handled as for major 48.

     144 char       Encapsulated PPP
                      0 = /dev/pppox0       First PPP over Ethernet
                        ...
                     63 = /dev/pppox63      64th PPP over Ethernet

                    This is primarily used for ADSL.

                    The SST 5136-DN DeviceNet interface driver has been
                    relocated to major 183 due to an unfortunate conflict.

     144 block      Expansion Area #1 for more non-device (e.g. NFS) mounts
                      0 = mounted device 256
                    255 = mounted device 511

     145 char       SAM9407-based soundcard
                      0 = /dev/sam0_mixer
                      1 = /dev/sam0_sequencer
                      2 = /dev/sam0_midi00
                      3 = /dev/sam0_dsp
                      4 = /dev/sam0_audio
                      6 = /dev/sam0_sndstat
                     18 = /dev/sam0_midi01
                     34 = /dev/sam0_midi02
                     50 = /dev/sam0_midi03
                     64 = /dev/sam1_mixer
                        ...
                    128 = /dev/sam2_mixer
                        ...
                    192 = /dev/sam3_mixer
                        ...

                    Device functions match OSS, but offer a number of
                    addons, which are sam9407 specific.  OSS can be
                    operated simultaneously, taking care of the codec.

     145 block      Expansion Area #2 for more non-device (e.g. NFS) mounts
                      0 = mounted device 512
                    255 = mounted device 767

     146 char       SYSTRAM SCRAMNet mirrored-memory network
                      0 = /dev/scramnet0    First SCRAMNet device
                      1 = /dev/scramnet1    Second SCRAMNet device
                        ...

     146 block      Expansion Area #3 for more non-device (e.g. NFS) mounts
                      0 = mounted device 768
                    255 = mounted device 1023

     147 char       Aureal Semiconductor Vortex Audio device
                      0 = /dev/aureal0      First Aureal Vortex
                      1 = /dev/aureal1      Second Aureal Vortex
                        ...

     147 block      Distributed Replicated Block Device (DRBD)
                      0 = /dev/drbd0        First DRBD device
                      1 = /dev/drbd1        Second DRBD device
                        ...

     148 char       Technology Concepts serial card
                      0 = /dev/ttyT0        First TCL port
                      1 = /dev/ttyT1        Second TCL port
                        ...

     149 char       Technology Concepts serial card - alternate devices
                      0 = /dev/cut0         Callout device for ttyT0
                      1 = /dev/cut0         Callout device for ttyT1
                        ...

     150 char       Real-Time Linux FIFOs
                      0 = /dev/rtf0         First RTLinux FIFO
                      1 = /dev/rtf1         Second RTLinux FIFO
                        ...

     151 char       DPT I2O SmartRaid V controller
                      0 = /dev/dpti0        First DPT I2O adapter
                      1 = /dev/dpti1        Second DPT I2O adapter
                        ...

     152 char       EtherDrive Control Device
                      0 = /dev/etherd/ctl   Connect/Disconnect an EtherDrive
                      1 = /dev/etherd/err   Monitor errors
                      2 = /dev/etherd/raw   Raw AoE packet monitor

     152 block      EtherDrive Block Devices
                      0 = /dev/etherd/0     EtherDrive 0
                        ...
                    255 = /dev/etherd/255   EtherDrive 255

     153 char       SPI Bus Interface (sometimes referred to as MicroWire)
                      0 = /dev/spi0         First SPI device on the bus
                      1 = /dev/spi1         Second SPI device on the bus
                        ...
                     15 = /dev/spi15        Sixteenth SPI device on the bus

     153 block      Enhanced Metadisk RAID (EMD) storage units
                      0 = /dev/emd/0        First unit
                      1 = /dev/emd/0p1      Partition 1 on First unit
                      2 = /dev/emd/0p2      Partition 2 on First unit
                        ...
                     15 = /dev/emd/0p15     Partition 15 on First unit

                     16 = /dev/emd/1        Second unit
                     32 = /dev/emd/2        Third unit
                        ...
                    240 = /dev/emd/15       Sixteenth unit

                    Partitions are handled in the same way as for IDE
                    disks (see major number 3) except that the limit on
                    partitions is 15.

     154 char       Specialix RIO serial card
                      0 = /dev/ttySR0       First RIO port
                        ...
                    255 = /dev/ttySR255     256th RIO port

     155 char       Specialix RIO serial card - alternate devices
                      0 = /dev/cusr0        Callout device for ttySR0
                        ...
                    255 = /dev/cusr255      Callout device for ttySR255

     156 char       Specialix RIO serial card
                      0 = /dev/ttySR256     257th RIO port
                        ...
                    255 = /dev/ttySR511     512th RIO port

     157 char       Specialix RIO serial card - alternate devices
                      0 = /dev/cusr256      Callout device for ttySR256
                        ...
                    255 = /dev/cusr511      Callout device for ttySR511

     158 char       Dialogic GammaLink fax driver
                      0 = /dev/gfax0        GammaLink channel 0
                      1 = /dev/gfax1        GammaLink channel 1
                        ...

     159 char       RESERVED

     159 block      RESERVED

     160 char       General Purpose Instrument Bus (GPIB)
                      0 = /dev/gpib0        First GPIB bus
                      1 = /dev/gpib1        Second GPIB bus
                        ...

     160 block       Carmel 8-port SATA Disks on First Controller
                      0 = /dev/carmel/0     SATA disk 0 whole disk
                      1 = /dev/carmel/0p1   SATA disk 0 partition 1
                        ...
                     31 = /dev/carmel/0p31  SATA disk 0 partition 31

                     32 = /dev/carmel/1     SATA disk 1 whole disk
                     64 = /dev/carmel/2     SATA disk 2 whole disk
                        ...
                    224 = /dev/carmel/7     SATA disk 7 whole disk

                    Partitions are handled in the same way as for IDE
                    disks (see major number 3) except that the limit on
                    partitions is 31.

     161 char       IrCOMM devices (IrDA serial/parallel emulation)
                      0 = /dev/ircomm0      First IrCOMM device
                      1 = /dev/ircomm1      Second IrCOMM device
                        ...
                     16 = /dev/irlpt0       First IrLPT device
                     17 = /dev/irlpt1       Second IrLPT device
                        ...

     161 block       Carmel 8-port SATA Disks on Second Controller
                      0 = /dev/carmel/8     SATA disk 8 whole disk
                      1 = /dev/carmel/8p1   SATA disk 8 partition 1
                        ...
                     31 = /dev/carmel/8p31  SATA disk 8 partition 31

                     32 = /dev/carmel/9     SATA disk 9 whole disk
                     64 = /dev/carmel/10    SATA disk 10 whole disk
                        ...
                    224 = /dev/carmel/15    SATA disk 15 whole disk

                    Partitions are handled in the same way as for IDE
                    disks (see major number 3) except that the limit on
                    partitions is 31.

     162 char       Used for (now removed) raw block device interface

     163 char

     164 char       Chase Research AT/PCI-Fast serial card
                      0 = /dev/ttyCH0       AT/PCI-Fast board 0, port 0
                        ...
                     15 = /dev/ttyCH15      AT/PCI-Fast board 0, port 15
                     16 = /dev/ttyCH16      AT/PCI-Fast board 1, port 0
                        ...
                     31 = /dev/ttyCH31      AT/PCI-Fast board 1, port 15
                     32 = /dev/ttyCH32      AT/PCI-Fast board 2, port 0
                        ...
                     47 = /dev/ttyCH47      AT/PCI-Fast board 2, port 15
                     48 = /dev/ttyCH48      AT/PCI-Fast board 3, port 0
                        ...
                     63 = /dev/ttyCH63      AT/PCI-Fast board 3, port 15

     165 char       Chase Research AT/PCI-Fast serial card - alternate devices
                      0 = /dev/cuch0        Callout device for ttyCH0
                        ...
                     63 = /dev/cuch63       Callout device for ttyCH63

     166 char       ACM USB modems
                      0 = /dev/ttyACM0      First ACM modem
                      1 = /dev/ttyACM1      Second ACM modem
                        ...

     167 char       ACM USB modems - alternate devices
                      0 = /dev/cuacm0       Callout device for ttyACM0
                      1 = /dev/cuacm1       Callout device for ttyACM1
                        ...

     168 char       Eracom CSA7000 PCI encryption adaptor
                      0 = /dev/ecsa0        First CSA7000
                      1 = /dev/ecsa1        Second CSA7000
                        ...

     169 char       Eracom CSA8000 PCI encryption adaptor
                      0 = /dev/ecsa8-0      First CSA8000
                      1 = /dev/ecsa8-1      Second CSA8000
                        ...

     170 char       AMI MegaRAC remote access controller
                      0 = /dev/megarac0     First MegaRAC card
                      1 = /dev/megarac1     Second MegaRAC card
                        ...

     171 char       Reserved for IEEE 1394 (Firewire)

     172 char       Moxa Intellio serial card
                      0 = /dev/ttyMX0       First Moxa port
                      1 = /dev/ttyMX1       Second Moxa port
                        ...
                    127 = /dev/ttyMX127     128th Moxa port
                    128 = /dev/moxactl      Moxa control port

     173 char       Moxa Intellio serial card - alternate devices
                      0 = /dev/cumx0        Callout device for ttyMX0
                      1 = /dev/cumx1        Callout device for ttyMX1
                        ...
                    127 = /dev/cumx127      Callout device for ttyMX127

     174 char       SmartIO serial card
                      0 = /dev/ttySI0       First SmartIO port
                      1 = /dev/ttySI1       Second SmartIO port
                        ...

     175 char       SmartIO serial card - alternate devices
                      0 = /dev/cusi0        Callout device for ttySI0
                      1 = /dev/cusi1        Callout device for ttySI1
                        ...

     176 char       nCipher nFast PCI crypto accelerator
                      0 = /dev/nfastpci0    First nFast PCI device
                      1 = /dev/nfastpci1    First nFast PCI device
                        ...

     177 char       TI PCILynx memory spaces
                      0 = /dev/pcilynx/aux0  AUX space of first PCILynx card
                        ...
                     15 = /dev/pcilynx/aux15 AUX space of 16th PCILynx card
                     16 = /dev/pcilynx/rom0  ROM space of first PCILynx card
                        ...
                     31 = /dev/pcilynx/rom15 ROM space of 16th PCILynx card
                     32 = /dev/pcilynx/ram0  RAM space of first PCILynx card
                        ...
                     47 = /dev/pcilynx/ram15 RAM space of 16th PCILynx card

     178 char       Giganet cLAN1xxx virtual interface adapter
                      0 = /dev/clanvi0      First cLAN adapter
                      1 = /dev/clanvi1      Second cLAN adapter
                        ...

     179 block       MMC block devices
                      0 = /dev/mmcblk0      First SD/MMC card
                      1 = /dev/mmcblk0p1    First partition on first MMC card
                      8 = /dev/mmcblk1      Second SD/MMC card
                        ...

                    The start of next SD/MMC card can be configured with
                    CONFIG_MMC_BLOCK_MINORS, or overridden at boot/modprobe
                    time using the mmcblk.perdev_minors option. That would
                    bump the offset between each card to be the configured
                    value instead of the default 8.

     179 char       CCube DVXChip-based PCI products
                      0 = /dev/dvxirq0      First DVX device
                      1 = /dev/dvxirq1      Second DVX device
                        ...

     180 char       USB devices
                      0 = /dev/usb/lp0      First USB printer
                        ...
                     15 = /dev/usb/lp15     16th USB printer
                     48 = /dev/usb/scanner0 First USB scanner
                        ...
                     63 = /dev/usb/scanner15 16th USB scanner
                     64 = /dev/usb/rio500   Diamond Rio 500
                     65 = /dev/usb/usblcd   USBLCD Interface (info@usblcd.de)
                     66 = /dev/usb/cpad0    Synaptics cPad (mouse/LCD)
                     96 = /dev/usb/hiddev0  1st USB HID device
                        ...
                    111 = /dev/usb/hiddev15 16th USB HID device
                    112 = /dev/usb/auer0    1st auerswald ISDN device
                        ...
                    127 = /dev/usb/auer15   16th auerswald ISDN device
                    128 = /dev/usb/brlvgr0  First Braille Voyager device
                        ...
                    131 = /dev/usb/brlvgr3  Fourth Braille Voyager device
                    132 = /dev/usb/idmouse  ID Mouse (fingerprint scanner) device
                    133 = /dev/usb/sisusbvga1       First SiSUSB VGA device
                        ...
                    140 = /dev/usb/sisusbvga8       Eighth SISUSB VGA device
                    144 = /dev/usb/lcd      USB LCD device
                    160 = /dev/usb/legousbtower0    1st USB Legotower device
                        ...
                    175 = /dev/usb/legousbtower15   16th USB Legotower device
                    176 = /dev/usb/usbtmc1  First USB TMC device
                       ...
                    191 = /dev/usb/usbtmc16 16th USB TMC device
                    192 = /dev/usb/yurex1   First USB Yurex device
                       ...
                    209 = /dev/usb/yurex16  16th USB Yurex device

     180 block      USB block devices
                      0 = /dev/uba          First USB block device
                      8 = /dev/ubb          Second USB block device
                     16 = /dev/ubc          Third USB block device
                        ...

     181 char       Conrad Electronic parallel port radio clocks
                      0 = /dev/pcfclock0    First Conrad radio clock
                      1 = /dev/pcfclock1    Second Conrad radio clock
                        ...

     182 char       Picture Elements THR2 binarizer
                      0 = /dev/pethr0       First THR2 board
                      1 = /dev/pethr1       Second THR2 board
                        ...

     183 char       SST 5136-DN DeviceNet interface
                      0 = /dev/ss5136dn0    First DeviceNet interface
                      1 = /dev/ss5136dn1    Second DeviceNet interface
                        ...

                    This device used to be assigned to major number 144.
                    It had to be moved due to an unfortunate conflict.

     184 char       Picture Elements' video simulator/sender
                      0 = /dev/pevss0       First sender board
                      1 = /dev/pevss1       Second sender board
                        ...

     185 char       InterMezzo high availability file system
                      0 = /dev/intermezzo0  First cache manager
                      1 = /dev/intermezzo1  Second cache manager
                        ...

                    See http://web.archive.org/web/20080115195241/
                    http://inter-mezzo.org/index.html

     186 char       Object-based storage control device
                      0 = /dev/obd0         First obd control device
                      1 = /dev/obd1         Second obd control device
                        ...

                    See ftp://ftp.lustre.org/pub/obd for code and information.

     187 char       DESkey hardware encryption device
                      0 = /dev/deskey0      First DES key
                      1 = /dev/deskey1      Second DES key
                        ...

     188 char       USB serial converters
                      0 = /dev/ttyUSB0      First USB serial converter
                      1 = /dev/ttyUSB1      Second USB serial converter
                        ...

     189 char       USB serial converters - alternate devices
                      0 = /dev/cuusb0       Callout device for ttyUSB0
                      1 = /dev/cuusb1       Callout device for ttyUSB1
                        ...

     190 char       Kansas City tracker/tuner card
                      0 = /dev/kctt0        First KCT/T card
                      1 = /dev/kctt1        Second KCT/T card
                        ...

     191 char       Reserved for PCMCIA

     192 char       Kernel profiling interface
                      0 = /dev/profile      Profiling control device
                      1 = /dev/profile0     Profiling device for CPU 0
                      2 = /dev/profile1     Profiling device for CPU 1
                        ...

     193 char       Kernel event-tracing interface
                      0 = /dev/trace        Tracing control device
                      1 = /dev/trace0       Tracing device for CPU 0
                      2 = /dev/trace1       Tracing device for CPU 1
                        ...

     194 char       linVideoStreams (LINVS)
                      0 = /dev/mvideo/status0       Video compression status
                      1 = /dev/mvideo/stream0       Video stream
                      2 = /dev/mvideo/frame0        Single compressed frame
                      3 = /dev/mvideo/rawframe0     Raw uncompressed frame
                      4 = /dev/mvideo/codec0        Direct codec access
                      5 = /dev/mvideo/video4linux0  Video4Linux compatibility

                     16 = /dev/mvideo/status1       Second device
                        ...
                     32 = /dev/mvideo/status2       Third device
                        ...
                        ...
                    240 = /dev/mvideo/status15      16th device
                        ...

     195 char       Nvidia graphics devices
                      0 = /dev/nvidia0              First Nvidia card
                      1 = /dev/nvidia1              Second Nvidia card
                        ...
                    255 = /dev/nvidiactl            Nvidia card control device

     196 char       Tormenta T1 card
                      0 = /dev/tor/0                Master control channel for all cards
                      1 = /dev/tor/1                First DS0
                      2 = /dev/tor/2                Second DS0
                        ...
                     48 = /dev/tor/48               48th DS0
                     49 = /dev/tor/49               First pseudo-channel
                     50 = /dev/tor/50               Second pseudo-channel
                        ...

     197 char       OpenTNF tracing facility
                      0 = /dev/tnf/t0               Trace 0 data extraction
                      1 = /dev/tnf/t1               Trace 1 data extraction
                        ...
                    128 = /dev/tnf/status           Tracing facility status
                    130 = /dev/tnf/trace            Tracing device

     198 char       Total Impact TPMP2 quad coprocessor PCI card
                      0 = /dev/tpmp2/0              First card
                      1 = /dev/tpmp2/1              Second card
                        ...

     199 char       Veritas volume manager (VxVM) volumes
                      0 = /dev/vx/rdsk/*/*          First volume
                      1 = /dev/vx/rdsk/*/*          Second volume
                        ...

     199 block      Veritas volume manager (VxVM) volumes
                      0 = /dev/vx/dsk/*/*           First volume
                      1 = /dev/vx/dsk/*/*           Second volume
                        ...

                    The namespace in these directories is maintained by
                    the user space VxVM software.

     200 char       Veritas VxVM configuration interface
                       0 = /dev/vx/config           Configuration access node
                       1 = /dev/vx/trace            Volume i/o trace access node
                       2 = /dev/vx/iod              Volume i/o daemon access node
                       3 = /dev/vx/info             Volume information access node
                       4 = /dev/vx/task             Volume tasks access node
                       5 = /dev/vx/taskmon          Volume tasks monitor daemon

     201 char       Veritas VxVM dynamic multipathing driver
                      0 = /dev/vx/rdmp/*            First multipath device
                      1 = /dev/vx/rdmp/*            Second multipath device
                        ...
     201 block      Veritas VxVM dynamic multipathing driver
                      0 = /dev/vx/dmp/*             First multipath device
                      1 = /dev/vx/dmp/*             Second multipath device
                        ...

                    The namespace in these directories is maintained by
                    the user space VxVM software.

     202 char       CPU model-specific registers
                      0 = /dev/cpu/0/msr            MSRs on CPU 0
                      1 = /dev/cpu/1/msr            MSRs on CPU 1
                        ...

     202 block      Xen Virtual Block Device
                      0 = /dev/xvda       First Xen VBD whole disk
                      16 = /dev/xvdb      Second Xen VBD whole disk
                      32 = /dev/xvdc      Third Xen VBD whole disk
                        ...
                      240 = /dev/xvdp     Sixteenth Xen VBD whole disk

                    Partitions are handled in the same way as for IDE
                    disks (see major number 3) except that the limit on
                    partitions is 15.

     203 char       CPU CPUID information
                      0 = /dev/cpu/0/cpuid          CPUID on CPU 0
                      1 = /dev/cpu/1/cpuid          CPUID on CPU 1
                        ...

     204 char       Low-density serial ports
                      0 = /dev/ttyLU0               LinkUp Systems L72xx UART - port 0
                      1 = /dev/ttyLU1               LinkUp Systems L72xx UART - port 1
                      2 = /dev/ttyLU2               LinkUp Systems L72xx UART - port 2
                      3 = /dev/ttyLU3               LinkUp Systems L72xx UART - port 3
                      4 = /dev/ttyFB0               Intel Footbridge (ARM)
                      5 = /dev/ttySA0               StrongARM builtin serial port 0
                      6 = /dev/ttySA1               StrongARM builtin serial port 1
                      7 = /dev/ttySA2               StrongARM builtin serial port 2
                      8 = /dev/ttySC0               SCI serial port (SuperH) - port 0
                      9 = /dev/ttySC1               SCI serial port (SuperH) - port 1
                     10 = /dev/ttySC2               SCI serial port (SuperH) - port 2
                     11 = /dev/ttySC3               SCI serial port (SuperH) - port 3
                     12 = /dev/ttyFW0               Firmware console - port 0
                     13 = /dev/ttyFW1               Firmware console - port 1
                     14 = /dev/ttyFW2               Firmware console - port 2
                     15 = /dev/ttyFW3               Firmware console - port 3
                     16 = /dev/ttyAM0               ARM "AMBA" serial port 0
                        ...
                     31 = /dev/ttyAM15              ARM "AMBA" serial port 15
                     32 = /dev/ttyDB0               DataBooster serial port 0
                        ...
                     39 = /dev/ttyDB7               DataBooster serial port 7
                     40 = /dev/ttySG0               SGI Altix console port
                     41 = /dev/ttySMX0              Motorola i.MX - port 0
                     42 = /dev/ttySMX1              Motorola i.MX - port 1
                     43 = /dev/ttySMX2              Motorola i.MX - port 2
                     44 = /dev/ttyMM0               Marvell MPSC - port 0 (obsolete unused)
                     45 = /dev/ttyMM1               Marvell MPSC - port 1 (obsolete unused)
                     46 = /dev/ttyCPM0              PPC CPM (SCC or SMC) - port 0
                        ...
                     47 = /dev/ttyCPM5              PPC CPM (SCC or SMC) - port 5
                     50 = /dev/ttyIOC0              Altix serial card
                        ...
                     81 = /dev/ttyIOC31             Altix serial card
                     82 = /dev/ttyVR0               NEC VR4100 series SIU
                     83 = /dev/ttyVR1               NEC VR4100 series DSIU
                     84 = /dev/ttyIOC84             Altix ioc4 serial card
                        ...
                     115 = /dev/ttyIOC115           Altix ioc4 serial card
                     116 = /dev/ttySIOC0            Altix ioc3 serial card
                        ...
                     147 = /dev/ttySIOC31           Altix ioc3 serial card
                     148 = /dev/ttyPSC0             PPC PSC - port 0
                        ...
                     153 = /dev/ttyPSC5             PPC PSC - port 5
                     154 = /dev/ttyAT0              ATMEL serial port 0
                        ...
                     169 = /dev/ttyAT15             ATMEL serial port 15
                     170 = /dev/ttyNX0              Hilscher netX serial port 0
                        ...
                     185 = /dev/ttyNX15             Hilscher netX serial port 15
                     186 = /dev/ttyJ0               JTAG1 DCC protocol based serial port emulation
                     187 = /dev/ttyUL0              Xilinx uartlite - port 0
                        ...
                     190 = /dev/ttyUL3              Xilinx uartlite - port 3
                     191 = /dev/xvc0                Xen virtual console - port 0
                     192 = /dev/ttyPZ0              pmac_zilog - port 0
                        ...
                     195 = /dev/ttyPZ3              pmac_zilog - port 3
                     196 = /dev/ttyTX0              TX39/49 serial port 0
                        ...
                     204 = /dev/ttyTX7              TX39/49 serial port 7
                     205 = /dev/ttySC0              SC26xx serial port 0
                     206 = /dev/ttySC1              SC26xx serial port 1
                     207 = /dev/ttySC2              SC26xx serial port 2
                     208 = /dev/ttySC3              SC26xx serial port 3
                     209 = /dev/ttyMAX0             MAX3100 serial port 0
                     210 = /dev/ttyMAX1             MAX3100 serial port 1
                     211 = /dev/ttyMAX2             MAX3100 serial port 2
                     212 = /dev/ttyMAX3             MAX3100 serial port 3

     205 char       Low-density serial ports (alternate device)
                      0 = /dev/culu0                Callout device for ttyLU0
                      1 = /dev/culu1                Callout device for ttyLU1
                      2 = /dev/culu2                Callout device for ttyLU2
                      3 = /dev/culu3                Callout device for ttyLU3
                      4 = /dev/cufb0                Callout device for ttyFB0
                      5 = /dev/cusa0                Callout device for ttySA0
                      6 = /dev/cusa1                Callout device for ttySA1
                      7 = /dev/cusa2                Callout device for ttySA2
                      8 = /dev/cusc0                Callout device for ttySC0
                      9 = /dev/cusc1                Callout device for ttySC1
                     10 = /dev/cusc2                Callout device for ttySC2
                     11 = /dev/cusc3                Callout device for ttySC3
                     12 = /dev/cufw0                Callout device for ttyFW0
                     13 = /dev/cufw1                Callout device for ttyFW1
                     14 = /dev/cufw2                Callout device for ttyFW2
                     15 = /dev/cufw3                Callout device for ttyFW3
                     16 = /dev/cuam0                Callout device for ttyAM0
                        ...
                     31 = /dev/cuam15               Callout device for ttyAM15
                     32 = /dev/cudb0                Callout device for ttyDB0
                        ...
                     39 = /dev/cudb7                Callout device for ttyDB7
                     40 = /dev/cusg0                Callout device for ttySG0
                     41 = /dev/ttycusmx0            Callout device for ttySMX0
                     42 = /dev/ttycusmx1            Callout device for ttySMX1
                     43 = /dev/ttycusmx2            Callout device for ttySMX2
                     46 = /dev/cucpm0               Callout device for ttyCPM0
                        ...
                     49 = /dev/cucpm5               Callout device for ttyCPM5
                     50 = /dev/cuioc40              Callout device for ttyIOC40
                        ...
                     81 = /dev/cuioc431             Callout device for ttyIOC431
                     82 = /dev/cuvr0                Callout device for ttyVR0
                     83 = /dev/cuvr1                Callout device for ttyVR1

     206 char       OnStream SC-x0 tape devices
                      0 = /dev/osst0                First OnStream SCSI tape, mode 0
                      1 = /dev/osst1                Second OnStream SCSI tape, mode 0
                        ...
                     32 = /dev/osst0l               First OnStream SCSI tape, mode 1
                     33 = /dev/osst1l               Second OnStream SCSI tape, mode 1
                        ...
                     64 = /dev/osst0m               First OnStream SCSI tape, mode 2
                     65 = /dev/osst1m               Second OnStream SCSI tape, mode 2
                        ...
                     96 = /dev/osst0a               First OnStream SCSI tape, mode 3
                     97 = /dev/osst1a               Second OnStream SCSI tape, mode 3
                        ...
                    128 = /dev/nosst0               No rewind version of /dev/osst0
                    129 = /dev/nosst1               No rewind version of /dev/osst1
                        ...
                    160 = /dev/nosst0l              No rewind version of /dev/osst0l
                    161 = /dev/nosst1l              No rewind version of /dev/osst1l
                        ...
                    192 = /dev/nosst0m              No rewind version of /dev/osst0m
                    193 = /dev/nosst1m              No rewind version of /dev/osst1m
                        ...
                    224 = /dev/nosst0a              No rewind version of /dev/osst0a
                    225 = /dev/nosst1a              No rewind version of /dev/osst1a
                        ...

                    The OnStream SC-x0 SCSI tapes do not support the
                    standard SCSI SASD command set and therefore need
                    their own driver "osst". Note that the IDE, USB (and
                    maybe ParPort) versions may be driven via ide-scsi or
                    usb-storage SCSI emulation and this osst device and
                    driver as well.  The ADR-x0 drives are QIC-157
                    compliant and don't need osst.

     207 char       Compaq ProLiant health feature indicate
                      0 = /dev/cpqhealth/cpqw       Redirector interface
                      1 = /dev/cpqhealth/crom       EISA CROM
                      2 = /dev/cpqhealth/cdt        Data Table
                      3 = /dev/cpqhealth/cevt       Event Log
                      4 = /dev/cpqhealth/casr       Automatic Server Recovery
                      5 = /dev/cpqhealth/cecc       ECC Memory
                      6 = /dev/cpqhealth/cmca       Machine Check Architecture
                      7 = /dev/cpqhealth/ccsm       Deprecated CDT
                      8 = /dev/cpqhealth/cnmi       NMI Handling
                      9 = /dev/cpqhealth/css        Sideshow Management
                     10 = /dev/cpqhealth/cram       CMOS interface
                     11 = /dev/cpqhealth/cpci       PCI IRQ interface

     208 char       User space serial ports
                      0 = /dev/ttyU0                First user space serial port
                      1 = /dev/ttyU1                Second user space serial port
                        ...

     209 char       User space serial ports (alternate devices)
                      0 = /dev/cuu0                 Callout device for ttyU0
                      1 = /dev/cuu1                 Callout device for ttyU1
                        ...

     210 char       SBE, Inc. sync/async serial card
                      0 = /dev/sbei/wxcfg0          Configuration device for board 0
                      1 = /dev/sbei/dld0            Download device for board 0
                      2 = /dev/sbei/wan00           WAN device, port 0, board 0
                      3 = /dev/sbei/wan01           WAN device, port 1, board 0
                      4 = /dev/sbei/wan02           WAN device, port 2, board 0
                      5 = /dev/sbei/wan03           WAN device, port 3, board 0
                      6 = /dev/sbei/wanc00          WAN clone device, port 0, board 0
                      7 = /dev/sbei/wanc01          WAN clone device, port 1, board 0
                      8 = /dev/sbei/wanc02          WAN clone device, port 2, board 0
                      9 = /dev/sbei/wanc03          WAN clone device, port 3, board 0
                     10 = /dev/sbei/wxcfg1          Configuration device for board 1
                     11 = /dev/sbei/dld1            Download device for board 1
                     12 = /dev/sbei/wan10           WAN device, port 0, board 1
                     13 = /dev/sbei/wan11           WAN device, port 1, board 1
                     14 = /dev/sbei/wan12           WAN device, port 2, board 1
                     15 = /dev/sbei/wan13           WAN device, port 3, board 1
                     16 = /dev/sbei/wanc10          WAN clone device, port 0, board 1
                     17 = /dev/sbei/wanc11          WAN clone device, port 1, board 1
                     18 = /dev/sbei/wanc12          WAN clone device, port 2, board 1
                     19 = /dev/sbei/wanc13          WAN clone device, port 3, board 1
                        ...

                    Yes, each board is really spaced 10 (decimal) apart.

     211 char       Addinum CPCI1500 digital I/O card
                      0 = /dev/addinum/cpci1500/0   First CPCI1500 card
                      1 = /dev/addinum/cpci1500/1   Second CPCI1500 card
                        ...

     212 char       LinuxTV.org DVB driver subsystem
                      0 = /dev/dvb/adapter0/video0    first video decoder of first card
                      1 = /dev/dvb/adapter0/audio0    first audio decoder of first card
                      2 = /dev/dvb/adapter0/sec0      (obsolete/unused)
                      3 = /dev/dvb/adapter0/frontend0 first frontend device of first card
                      4 = /dev/dvb/adapter0/demux0    first demux device of first card
                      5 = /dev/dvb/adapter0/dvr0      first digital video recoder device of first card
                      6 = /dev/dvb/adapter0/ca0       first common access port of first card
                      7 = /dev/dvb/adapter0/net0      first network device of first card
                      8 = /dev/dvb/adapter0/osd0      first on-screen-display device of first card
                      9 = /dev/dvb/adapter0/video1    second video decoder of first card
                        ...
                     64 = /dev/dvb/adapter1/video0    first video decoder of second card
                        ...
                    128 = /dev/dvb/adapter2/video0    first video decoder of third card
                        ...
                    196 = /dev/dvb/adapter3/video0    first video decoder of fourth card

     216 char       Bluetooth RFCOMM TTY devices
                      0 = /dev/rfcomm0              First Bluetooth RFCOMM TTY device
                      1 = /dev/rfcomm1              Second Bluetooth RFCOMM TTY device
                        ...

     217 char       Bluetooth RFCOMM TTY devices (alternate devices)
                      0 = /dev/curf0                Callout device for rfcomm0
                      1 = /dev/curf1                Callout device for rfcomm1
                        ...

     218 char       The Logical Company bus Unibus/Qbus adapters
                      0 = /dev/logicalco/bci/0      First bus adapter
                      1 = /dev/logicalco/bci/1      First bus adapter
                        ...

     219 char       The Logical Company DCI-1300 digital I/O card
                      0 = /dev/logicalco/dci1300/0  First DCI-1300 card
                      1 = /dev/logicalco/dci1300/1  Second DCI-1300 card
                        ...

     220 char       Myricom Myrinet "GM" board
                      0 = /dev/myricom/gm0          First Myrinet GM board
                      1 = /dev/myricom/gmp0         First board "root access"
                      2 = /dev/myricom/gm1          Second Myrinet GM board
                      3 = /dev/myricom/gmp1         Second board "root access"
                        ...

     221 char       VME bus
                      0 = /dev/bus/vme/m0           First master image
                      1 = /dev/bus/vme/m1           Second master image
                      2 = /dev/bus/vme/m2           Third master image
                      3 = /dev/bus/vme/m3           Fourth master image
                      4 = /dev/bus/vme/s0           First slave image
                      5 = /dev/bus/vme/s1           Second slave image
                      6 = /dev/bus/vme/s2           Third slave image
                      7 = /dev/bus/vme/s3           Fourth slave image
                      8 = /dev/bus/vme/ctl          Control

                    It is expected that all VME bus drivers will use the
                    same interface.  For interface documentation see
                    http://www.vmelinux.org/.

     224 char       A2232 serial card
                      0 = /dev/ttyY0                First A2232 port
                      1 = /dev/ttyY1                Second A2232 port
                        ...

     225 char       A2232 serial card (alternate devices)
                      0 = /dev/cuy0                 Callout device for ttyY0
                      1 = /dev/cuy1                 Callout device for ttyY1
                        ...

     226 char       Direct Rendering Infrastructure (DRI)
                      0 = /dev/dri/card0            First graphics card
                      1 = /dev/dri/card1            Second graphics card
                        ...

     227 char       IBM 3270 terminal Unix tty access
                      1 = /dev/3270/tty1            First 3270 terminal
                      2 = /dev/3270/tty2            Seconds 3270 terminal
                        ...

     228 char       IBM 3270 terminal block-mode access
                      0 = /dev/3270/tub             Controlling interface
                      1 = /dev/3270/tub1            First 3270 terminal
                      2 = /dev/3270/tub2            Second 3270 terminal
                        ...

     229 char       IBM iSeries/pSeries virtual console
                      0 = /dev/hvc0                 First console port
                      1 = /dev/hvc1                 Second console port
                        ...

     230 char       IBM iSeries virtual tape
                      0 = /dev/iseries/vt0          First virtual tape, mode 0
                      1 = /dev/iseries/vt1          Second virtual tape, mode 0
                        ...
                     32 = /dev/iseries/vt0l         First virtual tape, mode 1
                     33 = /dev/iseries/vt1l         Second virtual tape, mode 1
                        ...
                     64 = /dev/iseries/vt0m         First virtual tape, mode 2
                     65 = /dev/iseries/vt1m         Second virtual tape, mode 2
                        ...
                     96 = /dev/iseries/vt0a         First virtual tape, mode 3
                     97 = /dev/iseries/vt1a         Second virtual tape, mode 3
                          ...
                    128 = /dev/iseries/nvt0         First virtual tape, mode 0, no rewind
                    129 = /dev/iseries/nvt1         Second virtual tape, mode 0, no rewind
                        ...
                    160 = /dev/iseries/nvt0l        First virtual tape, mode 1, no rewind
                    161 = /dev/iseries/nvt1l        Second virtual tape, mode 1, no rewind
                        ...
                    192 = /dev/iseries/nvt0m        First virtual tape, mode 2, no rewind
                    193 = /dev/iseries/nvt1m        Second virtual tape, mode 2, no rewind
                        ...
                    224 = /dev/iseries/nvt0a        First virtual tape, mode 3, no rewind
                    225 = /dev/iseries/nvt1a        Second virtual tape, mode 3, no rewind
                        ...

                    "No rewind" refers to the omission of the default
                    automatic rewind on device close.  The MTREW or MTOFFL
                    ioctl()'s can be used to rewind the tape regardless of
                    the device used to access it.

     231 char       InfiniBand
                    0 = /dev/infiniband/umad0
                    1 = /dev/infiniband/umad1
                      ...
                    63 = /dev/infiniband/umad63    63rd InfiniBandMad device
                    64 = /dev/infiniband/issm0     First InfiniBand IsSM device
                    65 = /dev/infiniband/issm1     Second InfiniBand IsSM device
                      ...
                    127 = /dev/infiniband/issm63    63rd InfiniBand IsSM device
                    192 = /dev/infiniband/uverbs0   First InfiniBand verbs device
                    193 = /dev/infiniband/uverbs1   Second InfiniBand verbs device
                      ...
                    223 = /dev/infiniband/uverbs31  31st InfiniBand verbs device

     232 char       Biometric Devices
                    0 = /dev/biometric/sensor0/fingerprint  first fingerprint sensor on first device
                    1 = /dev/biometric/sensor0/iris         first iris sensor on first device
                    2 = /dev/biometric/sensor0/retina       first retina sensor on first device
                    3 = /dev/biometric/sensor0/voiceprint   first voiceprint sensor on first device
                    4 = /dev/biometric/sensor0/facial       first facial sensor on first device
                    5 = /dev/biometric/sensor0/hand         first hand sensor on first device
                      ...
                    10 = /dev/biometric/sensor1/fingerprint first fingerprint sensor on second device
                      ...
                    20 = /dev/biometric/sensor2/fingerprint first fingerprint sensor on third device
                      ...

     233 char       PathScale InfiniPath interconnect
                    0 = /dev/ipath        Primary device for programs (any unit)
                    1 = /dev/ipath0       Access specifically to unit 0
                    2 = /dev/ipath1       Access specifically to unit 1
                      ...
                    4 = /dev/ipath3       Access specifically to unit 3
                    129 = /dev/ipath_sma    Device used by Subnet Management Agent
                    130 = /dev/ipath_diag   Device used by diagnostics programs

     234-254        char    RESERVED FOR DYNAMIC ASSIGNMENT
                    Character devices that request a dynamic allocation of major number will
                    take numbers starting from 254 and downward.

     240-254 block  LOCAL/EXPERIMENTAL USE
                    Allocated for local/experimental use.  For devices not
                    assigned official numbers, these ranges should be
                    used in order to avoid conflicting with future assignments.

     255 char       RESERVED

     255 block      RESERVED

                    This major is reserved to assist the expansion to a
                    larger number space.  No device nodes with this major
                    should ever be created on the filesystem.
                    (This is probably not true anymore, but I'll leave it
                    for now /Torben)

     ---LARGE MAJORS!!!!!---

     256 char       Equinox SST multi-port serial boards
                       0 = /dev/ttyEQ0      First serial port on first Equinox SST board
                     127 = /dev/ttyEQ127    Last serial port on first Equinox SST board
                     128 = /dev/ttyEQ128    First serial port on second Equinox SST board
                      ...
                    1027 = /dev/ttyEQ1027   Last serial port on eighth Equinox SST board

     256 block      Resident Flash Disk Flash Translation Layer
                      0 = /dev/rfda         First RFD FTL layer
                     16 = /dev/rfdb         Second RFD FTL layer
                      ...
                    240 = /dev/rfdp         16th RFD FTL layer

     257 char       Phoenix Technologies Cryptographic Services Driver
                      0 = /dev/ptlsec       Crypto Services Driver

     257 block      SSFDC Flash Translation Layer filesystem
                      0 = /dev/ssfdca       First SSFDC layer
                      8 = /dev/ssfdcb       Second SSFDC layer
                     16 = /dev/ssfdcc       Third SSFDC layer
                     24 = /dev/ssfdcd       4th SSFDC layer
                     32 = /dev/ssfdce       5th SSFDC layer
                     40 = /dev/ssfdcf       6th SSFDC layer
                     48 = /dev/ssfdcg       7th SSFDC layer
                     56 = /dev/ssfdch       8th SSFDC layer

     258 block      ROM/Flash read-only translation layer
                      0 = /dev/blockrom0    First ROM card's translation layer interface
                      1 = /dev/blockrom1    Second ROM card's translation layer interface
                      ...

     259 block      Block Extended Major
                      Used dynamically to hold additional partition minor
                      numbers and allow large numbers of partitions per device

     259 char       FPGA configuration interfaces
                      0 = /dev/icap0        First Xilinx internal configuration
                      1 = /dev/icap1        Second Xilinx internal configuration

     260 char       OSD (Object-based-device) SCSI Device
                      0 = /dev/osd0         First OSD Device
                      1 = /dev/osd1         Second OSD Device
                      ...
                      255 = /dev/osd255     256th OSD Device

     384-511 char   RESERVED FOR DYNAMIC ASSIGNMENT
                    Character devices that request a dynamic allocation of major
                    number will take numbers starting from 511 and downward,
                    once the 234-254 range is full.

## Additional `/dev/` directory entries

This section details additional entries that should or may exist in the /dev directory. It is preferred that symbolic links use the same form (absolute or relative) as is indicated here. Links are classified as “hard” or “symbolic” depending on the preferred type of link; if possible, the indicated type of link should be used.

### Compulsory links

These links should exist on all systems:

/dev/fd | /proc/self/fd | symbolic | File descriptors
/dev/stdin | fd/0 | symbolic | stdin file descriptor
/dev/stdout | fd/1 | symbolic | stdout file descriptor
/dev/stderr | fd/2 | symbolic | stderr file descriptor
/dev/nfsd | socksys | symbolic | Required by iBCS-2
/dev/X0R | null | symbolic | Required by iBCS-2

Note: `/dev/X0R` is <letter X>-<digit 0>-<letter R>.

### Recommended links

It is recommended that these links exist on all systems:

/dev/core | /proc/kcore | symbolic | Backward compatibility
/dev/ramdisk | ram0 | symbolic | Backward compatibility
/dev/ftape | qft0 | symbolic | Backward compatibility
/dev/bttv0 | video0 | symbolic | Backward compatibility
/dev/radio | radio0 | symbolic | Backward compatibility
/dev/i2o* | /dev/i2o/* | symbolic | Backward compatibility
/dev/scd? | sr? | hard | Alternate SCSI CD-ROM name

### Locally defined links

The following links may be established locally to conform to the configuration of the system. This is merely a tabulation of existing practice, and does not constitute a recommendation. However, if they exist, they should have the following uses.

/dev/mouse | mouse port | symbolic | Current mouse device
/dev/tape | tape device | symbolic | Current tape device
/dev/cdrom | CD-ROM device | symbolic | Current CD-ROM device
/dev/cdwriter | CD-writer | symbolic | Current CD-writer device
/dev/scanner | scanner | symbolic | Current scanner device
/dev/modem | modem port | symbolic | Current dialout device
/dev/root | root device | symbolic | Current root filesystem
/dev/swap | swap device | symbolic | Current swap device

`/dev/modem` should not be used for a modem which supports dialin as well as dialout, as it tends to cause lock file problems. If it exists, `/dev/modem` should point to the appropriate primary TTY device (the use of the alternate callout devices is deprecated).

For SCSI devices, `/dev/tape` and `/dev/cdrom` should point to the cooked devices (`/dev/st*` and `/dev/sr*`, respectively), whereas `/dev/cdwriter` and /dev/scanner should point to the appropriate generic SCSI devices (/dev/sg*).

`/dev/mouse` may point to a primary serial TTY device, a hardware mouse device, or a socket for a mouse driver program (e.g. `/dev/gpmdata`).

### Sockets and pipes

Non-transient sockets and named pipes may exist in /dev. Common entries are:

/dev/printer | socket | lpd local socket
/dev/log | socket | syslog local socket
/dev/gpmdata | socket | gpm mouse multiplexer

### Mount points

The following names are reserved for mounting special filesystems under /dev. These special filesystems provide kernel interfaces that cannot be provided with standard device nodes.

/dev/pts | devpts | PTY slave filesystem
/dev/shm | tmpfs | POSIX shared memory maintenance access

## Terminal devices

Terminal, or TTY devices are a special class of character devices. A terminal device is any device that could act as a controlling terminal for a session; this includes virtual consoles, serial ports, and pseudoterminals (PTYs).

All terminal devices share a common set of capabilities known as line disciplines; these include the common terminal line discipline as well as SLIP and PPP modes.

All terminal devices are named similarly; this section explains the naming and use of the various types of TTYs. Note that the naming conventions include several historical warts; some of these are Linux-specific, some were inherited from other systems, and some reflect Linux outgrowing a borrowed convention.

A hash mark (`#`) in a device name is used here to indicate a decimal number without leading zeroes.

### Virtual consoles and the console device

Virtual consoles are full-screen terminal displays on the system video monitor. Virtual consoles are named `/dev/tty#`, with numbering starting at `/dev/tty1`; `/dev/tty0` is the current virtual console. `/dev/tty0` is the device that should be used to access the system video card on those architectures for which the frame buffer devices (`/dev/fb*`) are not applicable. Do not use `/dev/console` for this purpose.

The console device, `/dev/console`, is the device to which system messages should be sent, and on which logins should be permitted in single-user mode. Starting with Linux 2.1.71, `/dev/console` is managed by the kernel; for previous versions it should be a symbolic link to either `/dev/tty0`, a specific virtual console such as `/dev/tty1`, or to a serial port primary (`tty*`, not `cu*`) device, depending on the configuration of the system.

### Serial ports

Serial ports are RS-232 serial ports and any device which simulates one, either in hardware (such as internal modems) or in software (such as the ISDN driver.) Under Linux, each serial ports has two device names, the primary or callin device and the alternate or callout one. Each kind of device is indicated by a different letter. For any letter X, the names of the devices are `/dev/ttyX#` and `/dev/cux#`, respectively; for historical reasons, `/dev/ttyS#` and `/dev/ttyC#` correspond to `/dev/cua#` and `/dev/cub#`. In the future, it should be expected that multiple letters will be used; all letters will be upper case for the “tty” device (e.g. `/dev/ttyDP#`) and lower case for the “cu” device (e.g. `/dev/cudp#`).

The names `/dev/ttyQ#` and `/dev/cuq#` are reserved for local use.

The alternate devices provide for kernel-based exclusion and somewhat different defaults than the primary devices. Their main purpose is to allow the use of serial ports with programs with no inherent or broken support for serial ports. Their use is deprecated, and they may be removed from a future version of Linux.

Arbitration of serial ports is provided by the use of lock files with the names `/var/lock/LCK..ttyX#`. The contents of the lock file should be the PID of the locking process as an ASCII number.

It is common practice to install links such as /dev/modem which point to serial ports. In order to ensure proper locking in the presence of these links, it is recommended that software chase symlinks and lock all possible names; additionally, it is recommended that a lock file be installed with the corresponding alternate device. In order to avoid deadlocks, it is recommended that the locks are acquired in the following order, and released in the reverse:

> 1. The symbolic link name, if any (`/var/lock/LCK..modem`)

> 2. The “tty” name (`/var/lock/LCK..ttyS2`)

> 3. The alternate device name (`/var/lock/LCK..cua2`)

In the case of nested symbolic links, the lock files should be installed in the order the symlinks are resolved.

Under no circumstances should an application hold a lock while waiting for another to be released. In addition, applications which attempt to create lock files for the corresponding alternate device names should take into account the possibility of being used on a non-serial port TTY, for which no alternate device would exist.

### Pseudoterminals (PTYs)

Pseudoterminals, or PTYs, are used to create login sessions or provide other capabilities requiring a TTY line discipline (including SLIP or PPP capability) to arbitrary data-generation processes. Each PTY has a master side, named `/dev/pty[p-za-e][0-9a-f]`, and a slave side, named `/dev/tty[p-za-e][0-9a-f]`. The kernel arbitrates the use of PTYs by allowing each master side to be opened only once.

Once the master side has been opened, the corresponding slave device can be used in the same manner as any TTY device. The master and slave devices are connected by the kernel, generating the equivalent of a bidirectional pipe with TTY capabilities.

Recent versions of the Linux kernels and GNU libc contain support for the System V/Unix98 naming scheme for PTYs, which assigns a common device, `/dev/ptmx`, to all the masters (opening it will automatically give you a previously unassigned PTY) and a subdirectory, `/dev/pts`, for the slaves; the slaves are named with decimal integers (`/dev/pts/#` in our notation). This removes the problem of exhausting the namespace and enables the kernel to automatically create the device nodes for the slaves on demand using the “devpts” filesystem.